10 19 2015 PSY 317 Notes Housekeeping Remember your data for Assignment 3 is due today o Prof Miller needs it to create the class average graphs Assignment 3 is due by Oct 25th at 11 55 pm We ll be talking about implicit memory to help with this assignment Exam 2 will be next Wednesday Oct 28th o Review at the end of class Today is the last day to drop classes Implicit Memory Sometimes we learn without realizing that we learn o Often no source memory attached with this knowledge Experimentally Testing Implicit Memory o Lexical Decision Task Participants judge the uniqueness of a word list Do not know that they will see the list again Repetition priming faster RTs for words that we have seen recently even if we are not told to memorize it o Word Stem completion task N O I M P Prof Miller never told us to remember the word implicit yet that was the first word we could think of because we ve been repeating it a lot so far Testing Implicit and Explicit Memory o Explicit Memory direct memory testing You have been directly told about the memory test o Implicit Memory indirect memory testing You have not been told about the memory test Divided Attention Recap around us o Sometimes we selectively attend to an event by ignoring irrelevant distractions o Other times we attend to multiple bits of information by addressing them at once Resource Theories of Attention Class Exercise Resources required to bake cookies 10 19 2015 o Flour eggs milk butter sugar vanilla extract chocolate chips recipe bowl spoon mixer oven tray etc o What if more people show up than expected What can you do Bake smaller cookies Tell the extra people they can t come Get extra dough First come first serve Substitute cookies for a different sweet Cognitive Resource Theory Attentional Resource Theory o Propose that there is a limited set of resources for different cognitive processes problems occur when the resources are exhausted o Finite limited set of attentional resources o Explains why it is easy to divide attention between certain tasks but not others Ex Driving consists of numerous tasks that are primarily automated e g braking gassing reacting to brake lights but other tasks are more complex e g performing calculus while driving o Successfully dividing attention is more likely if both tasks pull from different Examples driving while listening to a lecture v reading while listening to Specificity of Resources resources a lecture o Data on resource specificity Participants shadowed a list of words in one earpiece and a list of to be remembered words in the other earpiece OR to be remembered words presented on a computer screen OR to be remembered pictures of the words on the computer screen Generality of Resources o Driving while talking on a cell phone Talking requires language skills Driving requires spatial and motor skills o Numerous studies show that talking on a cellphone even hands free impairs driving o Conversations with passengers however do little to impair driving Why is that Passengers can pick up cues that the situation is dangerous and adjust the conversation accordingly this cannot be done on a cellphone conversation Executive Control We have talked about resources existing but what are these resources o Numerous views no current consensus 10 19 2015 Executive Control mechanism that sets goals priorities choosing strategies controls behavior and basically oversees directs cognitive processes o A large portion of what we do every day is done without much thought about how to behave classroom developed Ex Getting ready in the morning navigating parking getting to the Can often rely on strategies memories etc that we have already o However sometimes we need to adapt Ex Getting ready in a new place parking lots closed new Executive control suppresses previous memories strategies and keeps the classrooms semester new goal in mind o Evidence Damage to the pre frontal cortex PFC Other brain areas and disorders that affect executive control Parkinson s Perseveration Errors Producing the same response even when repeatedly disease ADHD told you are incorrect Wisconsin Card Sorting Task goals Goal Neglect Failing to organize behavior in a way that moves toward Clock Task draw a clock and set the time to a specific time o Sometimes people will get distracted and start drawing other things