11 4 15 PSY 317 Notes Types of Processing Shallow processing superficial processing o Ex Really have to study don t want to watch TV while you meaninglessly stare You don t really take in anything you just look Deep processing thinking about what the information means how it is connected with at your notes new existing information o Ex Really have to study so you commit to your studying maybe by teaching the material to someone else making up your own examples thinking about how you could apply the material to real life Basically putting in a good effort to learn not just temporarily memorize the material Organizing and Memorizing Making Connections One can think of memories like a web o The more embedded a memory is in the web the more likely that it will stick around Improving memory is really better organizing your memories Making Connections Creating Patterns Organizing information by patterns o Remember the date trick for remembering numbers 1492177618121985 1492 1776 1812 1985 o Hairstyle changes When someone makes a drastic change to their haircut people recognize it more often than if they were to only get an inch or two off Making Connections Mnemonics Mnemonics help to better organize memories o In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue o ROY G BIV o My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas Mnemonics are helpful but they can interfere with developing new memories 11 4 15 Memory Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval Introduction o Up to this point we have skimmed the memory systems such as working memory and long term memory but we have not talked too much about how we pull information from long term memory As students this is the ultimate goal Also the primary goal for others ex Teachers clinicians nurses o In this section we will talk a little more about how we store and retrieve information from long term memory Retrieval o Context Dependent Learning Recalling information in an environment similar to where we learned the information influences recall performance teaching divers o Divers showed better learning when their learning and testing environments matched o Respectively those who were taught on land and tested underwater and vice versa showed worse learning Not just the physical environment just thinking about the learning environment can show similar effects Why o One explanation is that you are retrieving information in the same state that you have stored the information same connections Take home message try to match even mentally learning and recall Encoding Specificity environments o Context dependent learning suggests that we remember The information that we are trying to learn The connections that you formed while learning state while learning o Encoding Specificity memory encodes not only the stimulus you have encountered but also the context in which you encountered it The man lifted the piano v The man tuned the piano Lifted improved recall with something heavy Tuned improved recall with something with a pleasant sound Memory Network o Connectionist view o Nodes memory representations o Associative links connections between memory links o light bulb analogy When you light up a certain word by thinking about it all the other words you associate with that word will also light up Ex Bugs o Bed bugs ladybugs ants bees etc 11 4 15