charles sons had bad luck initially and the Vikings magyars and muslims did serious damage in Europe in early 10th C Muslims came from North Af they invaded Sicily and moved into S Italy and threatened Papacy and moved into S France cause general chaos Magyars are great horseback riders from central Europe and moved deep into Germ reached France invaded Italy Vikings from Scandinavia on their longboats they attacked GB France some sailed eastward into Russia they traded in Bhagdad Vikings are emblematic of problems facing Europe in 9 and 10th C Vikings had big boats and France has nice interconnected rivers and Vikings took advantage of this park boats and burn and loot local villages then go back in boats and sail off Vikings also attacked monasteries that are full of gold monasteries try to keep moving down river to try to stay away from vikings but always keep getting attacked by Vikings shows us problem Caro was a good military machine and it was primarily and infantry force once it got going it was hard to stop so Caro mil did not have the speed that Vikings and muslims on ships and Magyars on horse back had we see a failure in mil infrastructure in need to response to response to these new needs Caro mil and Caro rulers could not effectlivy respond to mil crisis that was on going and this further destabilized their kingdom gradually we see an erosion of Caro power the area that divided to be later known France only had paris and its surrounding country side to turn to due to the erosion and fragmentation of Caro power places in W sought to protect from outsiders and establish localized concentrations of power you have concentrations of castles and local warlords providing defense form local country side and taxes lol disappearance of central power leads to replacement of Caro in 911 and in 987 over coarse of 10 C we have decline and fall of Caro empire they left imp cultural component around 1000 Caro are mostly done but by this year muslim Viking and Magyar invasions come to a close in 955 Magyars were stopped and within a generation they settled in Hungry and converted to Ch Vikings also come to a close and they begin to converge to Ch this offered hope and we begin to see from 1000 to 1300 is a great phase of growth exp and dev creation of new civ that build on Caro but opened up to new horizons age of the pol and mil expansion and Crusades and good architecture where Church came to redefine and reoraient itself and laid found for org of Church great growth and innovation here around 1000 there is an agricultural revolution evolved over a series of gens developments that lead to ag rev decline in invasions help also temps around 1000 rise a degree or 2 on average degree or 2 warmer this expands growth and growing season and lead to inc food produce about an inch or 2 of rain per year here but the soild of N Europe is thick heavy and most and too much water is not good so lil less water is better for farming new tech are introduced and older tech are also implemented more broadly among them was a new plow old plow was old Roman plow and so we see a new design of plow that was intended to dig more deeply into soil in order to aerate the soil to make it more fertile we have oxen that are big and strong and we have a shift to horses but they are not as strong as oxen but they work faster two new inventions to make horses more effective we use iron to make horse shoes also invention of padded horse collar so that when you harness horse it was padded so that when you pushed against cushioning it would hurt less fields also restructured to be 200 yards long and this was the good length at which horse could pull this plow effectively without needing a break enhances ag production use of mill for grinding wheat fields were divided differently now used to have 2 field system two halves of filed where plant on on half and the other not the non planted half is able to replenish itself now we have 3 field system and by this we see inc in land after production so inc in food new crop rotation using this method that brought more land into use we also see ppl concentrating in the communities which make them more stable communities and we see a more dedicated in serial production lots of bread beer this becomes staple of the diet total inc in productivity of seeds provides increasing food supply also an improvement in diet itself inc in production of root vegetables and beans which add imp minerals and protein ag rev leads to inc quality of food better diet healthier ppl longer lives more children we see POP GROWTH over 1000 1300 IMP we have extra food too so this also stimulates a renewed growth in trade we also go to cities to trade so here we see introduction of cities due to the great trade ENDS HERE weird