WOH 1023 Final Study Guide South East Asia Trade and trade goods Silkroad important for goods and culture from east to middle east to europe accompanying merchants is culture Buddhism religion philosophy non theistic 500 and 300 BC is when the Buddha lived his name was Siddhartha Gautama no God in this religion emphasizes an end goal of liberation nirvana eight fold path is how you separate yourself from the suffering of the world to reach Nirvana 8 fold path has a focus on attainment of wisdom world is suffering and there s nothing you can do emphasizes ethical conduct acting non violently and HARMLESSLY in the way you speak act and live concentration is the final step which is meditation core of Buddhism is non violence and liberation in living a support of monastic living Confucianism another non religion religion non theistic Humanism philosophy huge cultural impact impact on family good will on others and education classic books secular class of officials was created based on Confucius New Confucianism Massive revival and state religion of the Han Dynasty Civil Service Exam Song Dynasty this was the state religion of China that put great emphasis on the civil service exams that came out of these teachings these exams were meritocratic merit rather than birth and anyone could take it depending on score you reached a certain rank in society and got a job based on that Scholar Official scholar official are those who passed the civil service exam local legal work tax collecting teachers in local towns China had an agricultural revolution that allowed them to grow and become economically efficient Scholar official class is maintained till the Chinese Revolution Spread of Islam spread starts in Arabia and eventually goes East to Asia during this period large Muslim communities in India and Central Asia religion with the most followers in Asia Hinduism the world s oldest religion that has survived to today many different branches and teachings not as centralized important connections to political institutions Indian states use it to support their hierarchy caste system Karma is believing that your actions have consequences down the road rebirth goal is to break out of that cycle and reach a new existence of awareness similar to Nirvana Islam has a negative relationship because of political struggle Islamic sultan is trying to convert people who are Hindu Art temples are very unique everything has a soul unlike in Buddhism harmonious living eternal laws are similar here to Buddhism mercy self restraint honesty purity Religious intermingling as goods move over silk road culture moves just as easily a lot of interaction and influences in religion more buried interaction here than there was in Europe because they have similar elements gradually adaptable religions in Asia Zheng He a captive in a war and became a unick after being castrated favorite of the emperor lead a naval exploration of the known and rumored routes and exert Chinese influence in these areas he had massive flag ships in his fleet 317 ships on his first voyage 28 000 crew members mostly soldiers led 7 different naval explorations and was funded by the emperor goal was to control Indian Ocean trade and reinforce and establish new Chinese tribute systems mostly non violent unless the threat of violence fleet known as treasure fleet because of all the goods he brought back to China and the emperor found a giraffe and brought it back dies at sea 1433 a new emperor forbids the Chinese from building ocean going vessels Isolationism a policy of remaining separate from the affairs or interests of other groups especially politically this was big in Asian religion The Great Divergence debate tends to be that the superior technology is the explanation for this change not a very good indicator Cultural explanation innovation and productivity is emphasized in Western culture so that explains it Geography industrialization needs coal and those deposits are in West and are lacking in the East Politics government institutions and their military s have an effect Economics Western Europe developed the fostering of advancing by trial and error they know there s a difference in productivity they just don t know what the main cause is Reformation and Thirty Years War Preconditions Church Corruption in the Renaissance this was a big deal eroding confidence in the church that will have an impact on this reformation The Papal Schism Result of Avignon Papacy not actually residing in the Papal states Gregory 11th was the last French Pope multiple popes is the bottom line and this is a huge problem for the Catholic Church 3 different claiming Popes Major figures John Wycliffe English scholastic followers were called the Lollards which was an insult because they were seen as uneducated this guy was a monk that studied the church but he had some unresolved questions that were opposing believed in predestination the elect already established if you end up in heaven or hell wrote a lot of books being read by many across Europe a lot of influence many followers were imprisoned he dies of a stroke and he was declared a heretic against tradition and church has all his writings burned he was even dug up burned and thrown in a river Jan Hus Czech philosopher who spoke German Hussites were his followers resisted the Papal Crusades believed most of Wycliffe but he did not want to split from the church but was an attempted church reformer during papal schism he picked the wrong Pope attend the council of Constance 1417 eventually arrested and burned at the stake for heroticism followers revolted after this and Crusades in Bohemia were sent and they were able to resist and fight them off Martin Luther German monk most known for his 95 Theses writing interested in reforming the church first studied being a lawyer and was very educated 1517 he nails the 95 statements to the door of a Cathedral in his hometown purpose was because of the corruption of church selling of indulgences supported priestly marriage believed that people needed to be able to read the Bible to fully understand it translated bible into vernacular Lang German to be published huge impact on literacy idea of Faith Alone why the Bible should be understood by common people nothing to do with the practice of the Church but of the belief of God that can only be met if you can read understand the Bible St Peter controversy Luther accused the Pope of abusing the common ppl to build his church