1 MANAGEMENT 3200 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS MOTIVATION 1 What are the five needs in Maslow s hierarchy of needs Know what each need is and be able to recognize what need is being satisfied in a given situation physiological safety social esteem self actualization 2 According to Maslow what motivates your behavior the lowest unsatisfied need in the hierarchy 3 What does Maslow believe about satisfied needs motivation goes away 4 If a need is frustrated what will the employee experience according to Maslow Can the employee still be motivated if his her needs are frustrated state of stuckedness no 5 What needs are typically unsatisfied in most organizations Why is this the case What would help satisfy these needs esteem and self actualization because most jobs are specialized Enriched jobs would help satisfy these needs 6 What need is the highest level of personal motivation How many people reach this level Is it ever fully satisfied or fulfilled self actualization Very few never fully satisfied 7 What is a peak experience momentary self actualization 8 What does the research say about Maslow s hierarchy of needs Only needs 2 through 3 motivate you instead of all 5 Not everyone climbs the hierarchy the same way Satisfied needs can still motivate the employee 9 How would you apply Maslow s theory of motivation if you were a manager You to be flexible in motivating different people tailoring rewards to every individual and flexible in motivating the same person over time what motivates them one year might not motivate them the next 10 What are the three needs in ERG theory that can motivate behavior existence relatedness and growth needs 2 2 1 11 How do the three needs in ERG theory match up to the five needs in Maslow s hierarchy of needs existence physiological and safety Relatedness social and esteem growth self actualization 12 What does Alderfer s ERG theory say about a satisfied need a satisfied need can still motivate behavior 2 13 What is the frustration regression principle in ERG theory What does it say about need frustration it is when the higher level needs aren t satisfied the individual will regress and try and gain additional satisfaction at the lower level needs It says that need frustration can be avoided if the manager provides rewards so the individual can obtain satisfaction and maintain motivation 14 What does Herzberg say is the opposite of job satisfaction The opposite of job dissatisfaction He suggests that the opposite of job satisfaction is simply no job satisfaction and the opposite of job dissatisfaction is no job dissatisfaction 15 What is a motivator factor and what is it related to in 2 factor theory Be able to recognize what are motivators on the job Motivators are like what needs in Maslow s hierarchy Motivators are the work you do and how it makes you feel achievement the need for self fulfillment they are also the need for advancement responsibility and personal growth Motivators are like 2 upper level needs in Maslow s hierarchy Esteem and self actualization Intrinsic factors 16 What is a hygiene factor and what is it related to in 2 factor theory Be able to recognize what are hygiene s on the job Hygiene s are like what needs in Maslow s hierarchy Hygiene s are the factors surrounding you in context pay benefits coworkers company policy working conditions extrinsic factors Hygiene s are like physiological safety and social 17 What does Herzberg advocate as the only way to motivate employees i e make them job satisfied Job enrichment will satisfy everyone 18 What is the effect of good pay good supervision good benefits etc on job dissatisfaction Can hygiene factors motivate people according to Herzberg Prevention of job dissatisfaction will occur Hygiene factors cannot motivate people 19 If I gave you an example of a person holding a certain type of job e g specialized or enriched and having either good or poor hygiene s e g pay benefits and supervision you will be able to tell me what the person is experiencing in terms of job satisfaction or no job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction or no job dissatisfaction 20 What are the problems with Herzberg s 2 factor theory it s a one best way theory he based it on accounts and engineers not representative of entire workplace faulty interviews some people s hygiene s can be other peoples motivators if you are instrumental 21 What is the basic premise behind goal setting theory direct connection between what we intend to do and what we actually do 3 22 What does SCARF mean in goal setting theory Specific goals when and what is desired Challenging yet achievable goals Acceptance by the person Rewards when goal is attained Feedback on performance 23 How does one build greater of acceptance of specific and challenging goals Rewards allowing the subordinate to participate in goal setting and the tell and sell method 24 How does participation in goal setting increase performance Leads to greater acceptance which then leads to improved performance 25 When does participation in goal setting not work low trust between management and labor when management is autocratic and when employee was instrumental 26 What is the autocratic tell sell method of goal setting When do you use it When the autocratic manager not only tells the subordinates what their goals are but sells them on the goals too so they get more motivated Use it when participation doesn t fit well with the managerial style 27 Which one is more effective neither it depends on situation 28 In reinforcement theory what is Thorndike s law of effect consequence of the behavior determines the frequency of the behavior 29 What is positive reinforcement What does it do to the frequency of the behavior when the behavior occurs followed by a positive increases behavior 30 What is negative reinforcement What does it do to the frequency of the behavior when you do the behavior the negative is avoided frequency will increase avoidance learning 31 What is extinction What does it do to the frequency of the behavior ignore it long enough it will go away behavior increases before decreases extinction spike 32 What is punishment What does it do to the frequency of the behavior when consequence is negative 33 What are the problems with punishment only tells you what you have done wrong if no coaching is done the subordinate will only replace it with another bad behavior 34 What is the leave alone zap trap What does the manager do when you perform well What does the