September 8 2015 BSC 215 READING pages 45 50 Inorganic Compounds Water Acids Bases and Salts Inorganic compounds don t contain carbon attached to hydrogen Organic compounds contain carbon bonded to hydrogen Water Properties Water absorbs heat w o changing significantly in temperature itself o Water has a very high heat capacity Water carries heat w it when it changes from a liquid to a gas o Ex sweating water leaves your body as liquid sweat and it pulls heat out of your body as water vapor Water cushions and protects the body s structures o This property has to do with water s high density or its mass related to its volume o Water has a high density bc the H bonds pull water molecules closely together to occupy less space This explains why less dense things can float in water Water acts as a lubricant b w two adjacent surfaces o Reduces friction Water as a Solvent universal solvent Water s ability to dissolve substances has to do w its molecular shape and polar covalent bonds o Water s structure is bent w partial charges on oxygen and hydrogen Water is POLAR Water can only dissolve hydrophilic solutes o Hydrophobic lack charged ends and wont dissolve in water o Hydrophilic fully partially charges ends The charged ends attract the oppositely charges ends of water molecules study of acids bases is basically the study of hydrogen ions H Acids and Bases H2O H OH Acid hydrogen DONOR o When you place an acid in water it splits apart into a hydrogen cation H and an anion HCl H Cl HCl donates its hydrogen ion to the solution and the of hydrogen ions increases Acids are also referred to as PROTON ACCEPTORS Base hydrogen ACCEPTOR o Base mixed with water hydrogen ions in the solution decreases pH Scale Buffers represents the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution log H the more hydrogen ions the lower the pH neutral 7 o Acids pH less than 7 Have more hydrogen ions than base ions o Bases pH greater than 7 Fewer hydrogen ions and more base ions chemical systems that resist change in pH and prevent large swings in the pH when an acid base is added to a solution normally it is a weak acid a corresponding anion example buffer system o H2Co3 H HCO3 o When the pH of blood rises carbonic acid releases H into the blood to offset the increase in pH o When the pH of blood falls the bicarbonate binds to H in the blood taking them out of the solution and offsetting the decrease in pH acidosis blood pH is less than 7 35 alkalosis blood pH is greater than 7 45 Salts and Electrolytes salt any metal cation and nonmetal anion held together by ionic bonds o dissolve in water and the resulting cations and anions are called electrolytes electrolytes will conduct an electric current in water