Practice Question 1 fully worked out step by step B C D E F G H A Given Step 1 T Ingroup IGN t t OGN H t F t G t t If 0 derived If 1 derived A C B D E t t 0 derived t 1 ancestral t Through out group polarization the trait t is most parsimonious as an ancestral trait meaning that the lack of t is a derived triat 0 derived and 1 ancestral V Ingroup v v Ancestor lack of v 0 CVCV Derived has v 1 F v B G v H v C v v Meaning work is already done when you do one of each Single character trees can then For t u y have same frequency For v x z have same frequency be taken from that information Notice Step 2 A C B C A C E B D B D A C E t v u x y z Example character t says A F G B D E C Step 3 Finding Congruence x y agree u z agree t v disagree t u z likely Step 4 Build a tree without v v incongruent with u x y x t congruent with u x y x does not disagree A C E B D F G H topology Remember nodes can rotate Character t allows A C E to be more distinguished Step 5 Plot characters B D A v t C E u z v x y H F u y G t v x z t u y 16 steps in total The lack of t is a synapomorphy for A and C The lack of t is a homology for A and C
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