Answers to the Phylogenetic Trees on Exam 2 78 IGN t F t Gt H t Fv G v Hv IGN v t u y t t v x z v v Derived state t u y Derived state v x z 9 A D B D C E A C E A C E B D t u v x y z 80 x y congruent u z congruent v likely t disagrees 81 t is incongruent with u x y z no conflict between t v v is congruent with u x y z does not disagree E A B C D F G H 82 C E A B v t y x D F t u z G t u y v x z H v x z 16 total steps 83 Common state ancestral state Derived k m n p r q s 84 85 J F G I J F G I J F G k m n p q r F G s All are congruent k is an autapomorphy meaning it cannot be ruled in congruent G I J H 86 F 87 F G I J k n q H m p s r k m n q s
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