Jessica Nott HIST201 Midterm Review Sheet 23 October 2014 Identification Emancipation Proclamation Civil War 1860s Civil War Union vs Confederacy Union won For the south it was about preserving slavery For the north it was ambiguous at first Lincoln first said not about slavery in order to keep Maryland and a few others in the union ended up growing on the idea of slavery Emancipation proclamation 13th Amendment black soldiers in the union force Ending the Peculiar Institution Emancipation proclamation January 1 1863 Originally the fight in the civil war was not for slavery for the north but it ended up being that way Battle hymn for the republic claims it is to make slaves free South was fighting for keeping slavery Thirteenth amendment Slavery and abolishment Sherman s March to the Sea Civil War 1860s Slavery and its abolishment As the north approached the plantations in the south the black slaves rebelled against their owners when they knew they were going to be freed Union navy divided up parts of the Sea Islands to the slaves that were freed Sherman s March to the Sea from Atlanta Georgia to the Atlantic Ocean Destroyed southern infrastructure as they marched and slaves joined the union army cheering as they marched to Savannah Did not destroy Savannah once there the freedman said they wanted to be free and have land and be on their own Freedmen s Bureau End of the Civil War 1865 The freedman s bureau Established by congress in March of 1865 Divide confiscated and abandoned lands into 40 acre parcels for rent or sale to ex slaves Provide minimal humanitarian relief Establish schools Run by Oliver Otis Howard Ten Percent Plan 1863 Lincoln s ten percent plan December 8 1863 Restore all rights to southerners who will take a loyalty oath to the union Once a population equal to 10 of a states 1860 vote takes the oath that state can establish a new government and rejoin the union Radical members of congress found this to be too lenient so proposed their own plan Radical Alternative Wade Davis Bill 1864 Majority of states white males must take loyalty oath suffrage limited by ironclad oath Lincoln pocket vetoed did not do this out of support of the southerners but for other reasons obtain broad support throughout the south and destroy the confederacy all together Colfax Massacre End of the civil war reconstruction era 1865 1877 Claimed Ended carpetbag rule in the south Carpetbagger a northerner Yankee that moved to the south after the US civil war especially during the reconstruction era in order to profit from the instability and power vacuum that existed at this time In the wake of the contested 1872 election for governor of Louisiana and local offices a group of white democrats armed with rifles and a small cannon overpowered republican freedmen and state militia also black trying to control the Grant Parish courthouse in Colfax White officeholders were not attacked Most freedmen were killed even after they surrendered Redeemers End of the civil war reconstruction era 1865 1877 Redeemers violence and terror White political coalition in the southern United States during the reconstruction era that followed the civil war Redeemers were the southern wig of Bourbon Democrats the conservative pro business faction in the Democratic Party who pursued a policy of redemption seeing to oust republican coalition of freedmen carpetbaggers and scalawags Republicans nationally pressed for the granting of political rights to the newly freed slaves as the key to their becoming full citizens the thirteenth amendment banning slavery fourteenth amendment guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves fifteenth amendment prohibiting the denial of rights to vote on grounds of color enshrined such a political rights in the constitution Redeemers did not want this Credit Mobilier 1860s reconstruction era Credit mobilier scandal occurred in the 1860s and revealed in 1872 Not only getting money for the building the track but they are also getting compensated for other needs and supplies Union pacific railroad was setting up a dummy corporation called Credit Mobilier where they were selling themselves products for crazy prices and getting many checks from the government At the end of the day people were willing to tolerate the corruption because they were more interested in the benefits Got expansion and progress and growth By end of the century had four transcontinental railroad Dawes Act 1887 Reservations and the Dawes Act Government said Indian reservations were a waste of space and wanted to use the land for white settlers A lot of Americans were not comfortable taking these people s land and massacring them 1887 The Dawes Act Divides up the Indian reservation into homesteads and divides it equally to the different families and Indians Well meaning but was cultural arrogance on the American s part Plains Indians did not understand the prospect of owning land and staying in one place Buffalo Bill Cody Post civil war late 1800s The myth of the west When think of the west think of cowboys gun slinging outlaws and Indian warfare The mythology of the west teaches about the nations culture then and in our own time Other people laugh at it but considered irresponsible for doing so Buffalo Bill over the top view of the Wild West help boost American culture World wide put on a show and traveled and told stories of the west Told stories like Entire life beyond their control nature deadly some stories crazy and the shows partly inaccurate but still important in our history Vertical Integration Late 1800s The combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies The rise of trusts Standard Oil Trust John D Rockefeller Monopolizing oil refining Vertical integration control every aspect of your business and your products creation controlling distribution Standard Oil Trust Late 1800s 1870s John D Rockefeller Standard oil of Ohio Monopolizing oil refining Horizontal integration buying out all competitors Vertical integration control every aspect of your business and your products creation Controlling distribution Standard Oil Trust John D Rockefeller Standard Oil of Ohio 1870 oil refinery in Cleveland petroleum Goes national in 1879 1882 reorganization Control 40 companies Biggest company so was able to buy out pipelines and other companies 90 of nations refining and pipelines Andrew Carnegie 1872 Steel Bessemer converter 1856 Much more efficient way for making steel
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