Psychology 10 29 2014 Intelligence Measurement Validity Reliability Consistent measurement Ex Weight scale mental measurements SAT GRE etc Content validity the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest Predictive validity the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict relationship between two factors SAT and GPA History Galton Binet Eugenics breeding genetic superiority Abject failure Started the movement to quantify mental measurement IQ test Original purpose was to identify children who were not up to speed so they can get help Terman and Stern Stanford IQ Mental age chronological age Assumptions Intelligence is a fixed inheritable entity Goddard 1912 Identify mentally defective immigrants English only tests 83 Jews 80 Hungarians 87 Russians 79 Italians were feeble minded US Army and WWI Screen out mentally 1924 Data used as scientific evidence allowing US gov t to limit immigration Used to justify segregation Imbecile Sterilization without knowing and against their will Borderline 70 80 IQ Moron 50 69 IQ Imbecile 20 49 IQ Idiot 20 IQ IQ Tests of Today Wechsler Variety of sub scales Verbal Reasoning what is similar about objets Quantitative Reasoning math problems Abstract Visual Reasoning why should we do this Working memory Composite IQ Reliability Children scores don t correlate with adult scores Teenage scores correlate well with adult scores Psychology 10 29 2014 Validity No agreement on one definition of what intelligence is Good measurement of school abilities Genes or Environment Genetic Evidence Twin studies high correlation French adopted children higher backgrounds better homes Environmental Evidence Foster home no genetic similarity yet high correlations Adopted children in enriching environments higher IQ scores than lower class Both Bell Curve Genetics are a range with which the environment acts upon What causes group differences in IQ Do not refer to individuals Averages There are people from other races that can score higher than you Social Economic Differences Upper classes average 17 higher IQ than lower class 9 of all difference in children IQ is associated with differences in family income 90 attributed to other factors Why Genetics Environment Cultural Motivation Ethnic Differences Pre genetic facts Modern humans are 75 000 years old Perceived differences attribute to 01 of genome Greater differences within groups than between groups Genetics Environment Races Social Background Consider humanity in context IQ Revisited Average person has an IQ of 100 Einstein scored 150 Smartest man in the world scored 195 Christopher Langan Spoke at the age of 6 months Taught himself to read at 3yrs Psychology 10 29 2014 Questioned God at 5yrs Could study for 2 3 minutes and ace test Scored a perfect SAT score Studied multiple languages Good at drawing Could play instrument Lewis Terman Met a boy name Henry Cowell who was poor but could play the piano Scores a 140 Set off to find the brightest kids Ask teachers around Cali to nominate the brightest Give 3 IQ tests 130 score Known as termites Followed termites and looked at backgrounds IQ is the most important to lead in the future Termites will lead the US How much does IQ matter Attend regular school or not 50 Master elementary school 75 Succeed in honors or AP class in HS 105 Graduate from college with good grades for graduate school 115 IQ doesn t matter after this point Convergent find right answer Divergent tests artistic ability