UNIT 1 PSYCHOLOGY FIRST EXAM Vocab 1 Therapists No restrictions 2 Psychologists PHD some MA Masters 3 Clinical Psychologists BA BS MA PHD IQ PERSONALITY TESTING 4 Psychiatrists BA BS MA MEDICATION 5 80 Prescribe Medicine 6 20 Talk 7 Herman Ebbinghaus 1850 1909 Psychology has a long past but a short history 8 Bobby Fisher Detained at Japanese airport in June 2004 Amazing chess player complains of a worldwide Jewish Conspiracy plays chess match in Yugoslavia and demands to have hotel toilet raised must be highest 1992 2004 secret quarters in Hungary Philippines and Japan carries rattlesnake pills so he wouldn t be contaminated FEAR OF CONTAMINATION but was brilliant and insane mother was Jewish never met biological father mother lied to him saying stepfather was Jewish his mother left him when he was 16 years old unconscious forces Underlying symbols of playing chess Bobby obsessed with chess since age of six Freudian Theory at age of six males become attractive to mother and must be like their father or go against their father it is a power struggle for the male child 9 Hughes Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 10 Psychologists 180 000 in US Clinical Counseling 80 Counseling 10 Medical Health 5 School 5 Industrial Organizational 5 Research 20 History and Systems of Psychology 1 Origins of Psychology 2 Complex Personalities Howard Hughes Bobby Fisher 3 Schools of Psychology Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Cognitive Psychology Why Study History 1 Gain Perspective 2 Gain Deeper Understanding To understand something you must know its deeper meaning Aristotle Why Study Different Systems or Approaches 1 Humans are extremely complicated people are weird 2 Complex behavior requires multiple approaches Average human brain 100 billion neurons Each Neuron 1 000 inputs from other brain cells Examples of complex people Jeffery Dahmer Ted Bundy Michael Jackson Herman Ebbinghaus The Long past Philosophy 1 350 BC Plato s Soul Reason Passion will Cognition Emotion Motivation 2 350 B C Aristotle Emotional Intelligence Anger Courage Fear etc 3 200 A D Seneca Reasoning vs Destructive Emotions 4 The Short History Scientific Psychology as a young science 1 1879 Wilhelm Wundt of Germany establishes first laboratory 2 Psychology 1879 2012 133 yrs 3 Anatomy 1650 2012 362 yrs 4 5 Mathematics 400 B C 2012 2412 yrs Physics 1400 2012 612 yrs Structuralism Who Wihelm Wundt When 1879 Where Germany Main Ideas Influences Chemistry Periodic Table Focus of his Research 1 Reaction time 2 Word Associations Psychology should be based on anatomy and philosophy Employed a structural approach relied on the method of introspection Psychology should be the study of consciousness Unlike Philosophers Wundt did experiments We name him the first physiologist because he actually did experiments and had a lab as opposed to other psychologists who sat back and just wrote books 3 Quality of feelings Personal Stories of Romantic Relationships A theory of Love Robert Sternberg Yale University Ask people about their experiences create a theory of Love 1 A Garden requires care and attention grows or withers 2 A Horror Show Scary dates toxic people getting burned 3 A Mystery Novel search for a soul mate 4 A science Be smart do homework 5 A Business Invest Negotiate Bargain FUNCTIONALISM Who William James When 1890 1910 Where America Harvard Univ Influence s Darwin Main Ideas Pragmatism American reaction to abstracts European philosophy Natural selection applied to psychology Emotions and behaviors because they help us survive they are adaptive Examples Fear and Greif Fear keeps the individual out of danger Greif motivate family and group to stay together Evolutionary Psychology examples 1 Mating Attraction David Buss Univ of Texas WHAT MEN WANT Reproductive Capacity WHAT WOMEN WANT Resource Potential 2 Cognitive Skills Gender Differences Spatial Ability men Ex Maps puzzles etc Verbal Ability women 3 Frisbee tossing on campus PSYCHOANALYSIS Who Sigmund Freud When 1890 1940 Where Vienna Austria Unconscious need for indirect evidence Dreams Free association Transference Transference transference of feelings patient is going to transfer built up feelings such as anger onto therapist therefore therapist will only speak for about 5 minutes with in a 55 minute session Influences French Neurology 19th century Romanticism Victorian Morality MAIN IDEAS 1 Theory of human nature Humans are irrational Sex and aggression most important motives Consciousness only the tip of the iceberg 2 Therapy BEHAVIORISM Who John Watson B F Skinner When 1920 1950 Where America Influences Pragmatism Main Ideas Psychology study of behavior no thoughts feelings Only observable phenomena should be studied Mind is too difficult to study pretend it s nonexistent Stimulus organism Response conscious TWO MODERN APPLICATIONS 1 Conditioning via association pairing Desensitizing people with phobias 2 Conditioning via punishment and reward Behavior modification for children with autism COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Who George Kelly Aeron Beck Albert Ellis When 1950 1980 the cognitive revolution Where United States Midwest and East coast Influences Aristotle etc MAIN IDEAS 1 Theory George Kelly 2 Therapy Aeron Back Humans are rational amateur scientists predict reason plan Twisted thinking will make you depressed Discounting the positive All or none thinking Irrational Beliefs will lead to negative emotions Albert Ellis I have to be loved by everyone I must be perfect 3 BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS 1 Nervous System 2 Neurotransmitters 3 CNS 4 PNS 5 Brain Areas 6 Left Brain Right Brain 7 Split Brain Studies THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Three kinds of cells A Receptors on sensory areas NOT A NEURON B Effectors on muscles glands NOT A NEURON C Neurons connectors 1 Sensory neurons link receptor cells to CNS 2 Motor neurons link CNS to effector cells on muscles glands 3 Link neurons together Coordinate sensory motor system Complex actions thoughts feelings 4 000 inter neurons 1 neuron Inter neurons WEB OR NETWORK CONCEPT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Structure of Neurons 1 Dendrites Receivers 2 Cell Body Cell support and Raw Materials 3 Axon Transmitter TWO TYPES OF COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 Communication within a single neuron The nerve impulse 2 Communication from 1 neuron to another Synaptic transmission neurotransmitters THE NERVE IMPULSE Resting state of neuron 70 MV 7 of 1 Volt A large proteins K potassium Cl Chlorine Na Sodium Stimulating a Neuron 1 Sodium builds up outside