Trends Chemistry Modules 4 and 5 Study Guide Effective Nuclear Charge follows Ionization Energy Trend Lattice Energy The larger the lattice energy the harder it is to pull apart ions To find the largest lattice energy in a group of ionic compounds calculate the charges of each compound To find the charges multiply the charge of both the anion and the cation together and take the absolute value Ex CaBr2 Ca 2 Br 1 2 2 If two compounds have the same charge find which one has the smallest elements The smaller the element the higher the lattice energy Ex CaBr2 charge 2 CaF2 charge 2 Br is larger than F Therefore CaF2 has the largest lattice energy Naming 1 Cation is ALWAYS named first and the anion is named 2nd 2 The monatomic cation takes its name from the name of the element 3 A monatomic anion is named by taking the root of the element and adding ide Ex KF potassium fluoride When naming compounds with transition metals write out the charges Ex FeBr2 Iron II Bromide Ex FeBr3 Iron III Bromide Know these common polyatomic ions Ammonium acetate cyanide perchlorate hydroxide permanganate nitrite nitrate carbonate sulfite sulfate phosphate Ionic Covalent Nonmetal nonmetal Metal nonmetal Shared electrons Total transfer of electrons Low melting boiling points liquid and High melting boiling points solids at gas at room temperature room temperature Relatively soft organic Hard brittle inorganic Weak bonds bond energy Strong bonds lattice energy Don t normally conduct electricity Electrically reactive Insoluble in water Soluble in water Electron orbitals overlap Electron orbitals separate Naming Binary Compounds 1 1st element in the formula is named first full element name 2 2nd element in the formula is named as if it were an anion 3 prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms present 4 the prefix mono is never used for naming the first element Ex H2O dihydrogen monoxide Ex CO2 carbon dioxide Know the prefixes Mono Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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