Sean Mooney WOH1023 Exam 2 Notes Religious Developments The Vinegar Tasters meme theme Confucianism Buddhism and Daoism Picture Discusses the idea of choosing one religion over another We must teach the correct recipe meaning that we must teach the right way of religion Confucianism Buddha says The vinegar is bitter only by not desiring a pickle can one eliminate the bitterness Which means eliminate attachment Buddhism Confucianism 5 Relationships Ruler to subject Father to son Husband to wife Elder brother to younger brother and friend to friend The Analects of Confucius Chinese Imperial Exam Exam students took in order to progress in society and politics Government positions and power Chinese communism was built on the history of Confucianism Daoism Buddhism Dao The way and The root of all things seen and unseen Get into the path of least resistance through non action Act in harmony and with nature meditation Originates from India Contains a lot of numbers specifically the Eight fold path Teachings of Siddhartha Gautama Was a prince in India who began meditating to rid the evil in his life and became enlightened Buddhism traveled along the Silk Road Great Buddha of Kamakura in Japan Statue Amaterasu Shinto Sun Goddess Local Japanese traditions Syncretism Blending of faith traditions Often creates a mixture Buddhism allowed people to keep their deities even if they took in Buddhism Pantheism and Polytheism had a big role in Japan Hierarchical System is present here too Emperor Daimyo Samurai Peasants Merchants Jesuit Missionaries Beg 1549 Moved Catholicism into Japan and had 300 000 converts by 1610 1637 Shimabara Rebellion Peasant Rebellion in Japan 1639 Exclusion Order Drives Jesuits out and keeps them from coming back into Japan Shogunate 1603 1868 First Shogun is Tokugawa Leyasu Portuguese arrive in Japan 1630 and are able to trade China Song Dynasty 960 1279 Portuguese are shut out but the Dutch are able to occupy one island Strong sense of Nationalism during this time They were sick of the Mongols trying to occupy their Country Since the Mongols had a strong sense of Buddhism it made the Chinese leads towards Confucianism Neo Confucianism Zhu Xi 1130 1200 Leader of this movement Confucianism and Neo Confucianism is similar to Catholicism and Protestantism China responds to these multiple religions by combining them and taking the best aspects of each one Going back to the roots Neo Confucianism Personal Investigation School of Principle Wang Yangming 1472 1529 Li Zhi 1527 1602 He thinks the Investigation School is a bit too educational His school The School of the Mind focuses on Meditation Finding Giving more responsibly to figure out those rules for yourself in your own personal world regards to Confucianism Wang thinks Confucianism interferes too much with people s thoughts in finding themselves Similar to Martin Luther and his reform Takes the reform against Confucianism too far and ends up arrested Never took the Imperial Exam because he thought is was too scholastic and didn t agree with it He says the all three main Chinese religions are the same Challenges the power structure He writes A Book to be Burned and A Book to be Hidden Away He ends up committing suicide in jail India and Indonesia Hinduism Buddhism and Hinduism come out of India Faith tradition that has murky roots but originates from India Has a pantheon multiple gods and one supreme god Blend of monotheism Their main god takes many different forms Caste System Top to bottom Gods Bhramins Kshatryia Vaishya Sudra The Untouchables Very important idea Karma was a big idea in Hinduism rewarded punishment Islam The 5 Pillars of Islam Shahadah Worshipping Allah Salah Offer prayer 5 times a day Zakat Giving charity Hajj Taking a trip to Mekka in your lifetime Fasting Fasting during Ramadan There is one God and Muhammad is his final prophet Split between Sunni Muslims and Shi a Muslims 83 of Muslims are Sunni 16 Shi a and 1 other Shi a believe Ali should have been the final prophet not Muhammad Qur an They both think that the other group has misinterpreted the Sunni think that everyone should follow the Sunna Karbala 680 Where the bloodshed starts The Ottoman and Safavid Empire Ottoman is mainly Sunni Muslims Safavid is mainly Shi a Muslims Bloodshed between these two empires comes from politics rather than religion Another part of Islam is the Sufis Sufism Not a big part of the Sunni Shi a conflict Also referred to as Mystical Islam They are big on dancing Sort of the missing element of Islam Big traders during this time period Traveled to Africa to gather animals and resources Many merchants were interested in Indonesia Had the spice islands Indonesia absorbed Islam Ratu Kidul Goddess of the Southern Ocean Makes sense because they trade a lot in the Southern Ocean Protects them from storms and monsoons out at sea Syncretism blending of faith traditions Where the Muslims worship Gunpowder Empries The Hajj Ottomans Safavid Muguls Babur Founder of the Mugul Empire Akbar the Great R 1556 1605 Akbar had the challenge of ruling a multi religious empire He pretty much let people choose what religion they wanted to 1564 Removed tax on non Muslims 1575 built the Ibidat Ljama House of Worship 1581 tried to create a composite faith Din i ilahi divine practice faith This faith was a bit of a combo of all faiths Sikhism Guru Nanak founder of this religion He was very disgusted by the conflict over all these religions God is unseen infinite formless Ineffable and eternal Challenging humans by saying how can you humans think you know what who God is This is why he creates Sikhism This religion is a combination of Hinduism and Islam Aurangzeb becomes Emperor of Muguls 1658 Undoes everything that Akbar did Enslaved many people First World Globe Martin Benhaim 1492 October 29 Missed two Class Dutch Trade Routes Well funded trade routes Trading outposts in Arabia India China Indonesia Japan and more Wanted to protect these outposts Beef up their protection Leads to a Navy Brings about taxes on merchants This protection leads to an empire Spices start off all of this trading Portuguese Empire Beg in 1497 Explorations led by Vasco de Gama Establishes trade routes and outposts also Spanish Trade Routes Spanish Galleons Call this period the Age of Sailing or Age of Exploration Spanish travel and trade in the Americas The Americas at this time Mainly N America Established hunter gatherer and agricultural communities Similar trade