Study Guide for Final Exam Below are the topics from the most recent lectures that you are responsible for on the final Specific things you need to look at are 1 Know who all the following people are and what their contributions to film were a Eaweard Muybridge Made the horses running film Showed feet were both off the ground at the same time b Thomas Edison Made the kinetiscope and the kinetigraph Kinetiscope View films through peephole at top of device Movie Viewer Kinetigraph How you filmed the movies Had film studio called the Black Maria studio with no roof all movies shot on East Coast c Edwin Porter Made first film with a story Director at Edison s studio Made Life Of A Fireman and The Great Train Robbery d The Lumiere Brothers Made the Cinematographe Camera for films and also a film projector 16 frames per second 1894 e Georges Melies French illustionist First one to use special effects in movies Stuff like Stop Motion Object disappearing and reappearing in another spot owned theatre f Etienne Jules Marey Presented that horses don t have all four hoves on the ground Put together the photographs for Muybridges film Freeze frame photography First to use intermittent mechanism Flexible film stock g W K L Dickson Made the plan for a camera working for Edison Made kinetiscope 46 frames per second based on Marey s invention and Herman Casher made American Muloscope 70 mm film h D W Griffith Made film Birth of a Nation Provided first camera close ups camera movement dramatic narratives Started parallel editing cutting between two or more scenes happening in different places i Woodville Latham Made Latham Loop so films could be longer than one minute create slack so films could go longer Created Eidoloscope Made widescreen film format 51mm film guage 37 mm by 20 mm aperture 2 Have an understanding of the types of early films and the types of places where these films were presented Usually centered around the movement of things and families ex Trains Horses Running Fires Farmer and the Boy Hotel Room Also slapstick comedy Exhibition Sites Vaudeville Houses Amusement Parks Storefront Theatres Resorts Farms Churches Presented in forms of Nickelodeon s places to watch one minute films until they got longer 3 Understand the rise of the star system the growth of studios and the reasons for the move to Hollywood At first studios just got regular actors and actresses people wanted to know who was acting in their favorite movies so credits started rolling Eventually people wanted to see their favorite actors and actresses in movies so stars came up Companies started putting people under contract public recognition and Motion Picture Magazine fan magazine ex Buster Keaton Charles Chaplin Studios were each producing different types of films by their directors They had to move to Hollywood because of better conditions better scenes landscapes for movies moved to Hollywood for winter months then decided to stay 4 Understand the development of narrative clarity and all the techniques used to maintain this standard of filmmaking Self Censorship and Public Image of Films Created Board of Censorship and National Board of Review Appealed to Middle and Upper class longer more complex stories and literature Staging in Depth space to make sets Intertitles move things along in films Expository something that pops up to explain something Dialogue saying what you mean text box Camera Postion Acting Close ups Actors didn t have to make expressions so broad Color Tinting lighter areas emphasized Toning darker areas emphasized Continuity Editing Intercutting cuts back and forth between separate transitions while simultaneous things are happening also cross cutting and parallel editing Analytical Editing Breaks down a single space into various framings Long Shot far away shot Close Ups close shot Contiguity Editing depicts action continuing in uniform of consistent direction Vertical Integration when one studio controls all three aims of the film industry production distribution exhibition Block Booking requiring theaters to take blocks of films to show to get people to come numbered shots Continuity Script Used during filming and breaking down scenes into individual Backlots areas for large outdoor sets Establishing Sets long shot establishes where you are Cut Ins Taking several shots and breaking them down into something smaller Point of View Shots shows where camera where they re looking Shot Reverse Shot Back and Forth between two people talking 180 degree rule 5 Understand the rise of the studio system the power of American cinema in the years between 1914 and 1920 and the key people involved in the development of the early studios Motion Pictures Patent Company Edison wanted patent on everything tried to create monopoly but oligarchy created Independent Motion Picture Company IMP Created by Carl Laemmle created own distribution company and studio complex Universal City United Artist Established so owners could maintain creative and financial control over their own films ex Mary Pickford Douglas Fairbanks Charles Chaplin D W Griffith 6 Understand the elements of slapstick and recognize the key performers that we discussed in class People getting hurt acting like little kids more childish the better stupid stuff danger clumsiness violence ex Charlie Chaplin Buster Keaton Fatty Expressionism What was going on in Germany during the time period that influenced this style of filmmaking World War II End of World War I Germany was demolished and had spent most of their money on the war Movie industry flourished because movies were cheap What are some of the artistic and visual elements that make up this type of filmmaking Distortion Dark Bold Contrast Abstract Geometric Cartoonish Characters Costumes Blend or Scenery Claustrophobic Exaggerated Physiological Assymetrical What are some of the more famous films of this movement The Cabinet of Dr Caligari Be able to identify specific elements from the film The Cabinet of Dr Caligari Mise En Scene What you can see on screen lighting way to make inanimate objects animate express subjective viewpoint Dark Cartoonish Physiological The Rise of Hollywood the Development of Sound the Studio System and Innovations in Classic Hollywood Cinema What were some of the first devices used for sound recording in films Bitaphone recorded onto wax disk separately from film itself created by Warner Bros sound usually matched up can t play movietone though just one or the other