The Early Years of CinemaPre-Cinema• Camera Obscura- took rapid pictures back to back 600 BCE• No further development until the 1820s• Daguerreotype• Even at this stage, fiction began to seep into pictures. People found ways to tell stories with it• Edward Muybridge- took multiple pictures to show motion ( Horse study)• Zoetrope- a device that consists of a series of drawings on a strip of paper inside a metal drum that when spun produces the illusion of motion from still images• Persistence of Vision- phenomenon of the eye by which an afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the retina.• Phi Phenomenon- optical illusion of perceiving continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession• Persistence of vision is what makes movies possible• A movie 'moves' when the shutter portion of the projector allows a picture to be viewed through the bladesThomas Edison• "Black Maria" was his first studio• Kinetoscope- Device that allowed an individual to view a moving image through a peephole. Pre-projection camera• Nickelodeon- First type of indoor space dedicated to the projection of films. Extremely popular from 1905-1915 (cost a nickel)Lumiere Brothers / • First commercially viable projection system◦ 35mm device that could print and project◦ Fewer frames per second than Edison's device◦ Led to Lumiere Brothers staging the first theater performance of a 25 minute program of 10 films ( December 28,1895)◦ Most of the early movies were staged◦ Later recorded films of life that were called