A D OLESCEN CE 12E L A U R E N C E S T EIN B E R G CHAPTER 4 FAMILIES Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education CHAPTER 4 OVERVIEW 1 Is Conflict Between Parents and Teenagers Inevitable The Generation Gap Fact and Fiction What Do Adolescents and Parents Usually Fight About Family Relationships at Adolescence A Time of Reorganization and Change The Adolescent s Parents at Midlife Changes in Family Needs and Functions Transformations in Family Relations Sex Differences in Family Relationships Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education CHAPTER 4 OVERVIEW 2 Family Relationships and Adolescent Development Parenting Styles and Their Effects Adolescents Relationships with Siblings Genetic Influences on Adolescent Development Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Development Why Are Siblings Often So Different Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education CHAPTER 4 OVERVIEW 3 The Adolescent s Family in a Changing Society Adolescents and Divorce The Specific Impact of Marital Conflict The Longer Term Effects of Divorce Custody Contact and Conflict Following Divorce Remarriage Economic Stress and Poverty Special Family Forms The Importance of the Family in Adolescent Development Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education THE GENERATION GAP FACT AND FICTION Parents and teens generally have similar beliefs about core values such as religion work and education However they usually have differences in opinions for matters of personal taste such as style of dress music preferences and leisure activities These preferences are likely to be largely shaped by forces outside the family The generation gap tends to fluctuate from one historical epoch to the next Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education WHAT DO ADOLESCENTS AND PARENTS USUALLY FIGHT ABOUT Conflicts focus on mundane issues curfews leisure time activities clothing cleanliness of their rooms They stem from different perspectives on issues and violations of expectations Contrary to stereotype adolescents rarely rebel against their parents for the sake of rebelling Conflict between parents and children increases during early adolescence Struggles are generally over who has authority Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS AT ADOLESCENCE Adolescence is a period of change and reorganization in family relationships Family systems theory Relationships in families change most dramatically during times when individual family members or the family s circumstances are changing because it is during these times that the family s equilibrium often is upset Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education THE ADOLESCENT S PARENTS AT MIDLIFE 1 Midlife Meets Adolescence Most parents are in their early 40s Midlife crisis A psychological crisis over identity believed to occur between the ages of 35 and 45 Parents are experiencing increased concern about their bodies attractiveness and sexual appeal even as adolescents are maturing and approaching a period of life labeled one of the most attractive Parents are beginning to feel that the possibilities for change are limited while their children are looking toward the future The occupational plateau is the point at which adults can tell how successful they are likely to be Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education THE ADOLESCENT S PARENTS AT MIDLIFE 2 The Mental Health of Parents Nearly two thirds of mothers and fathers describe adolescence as the most difficult stage of parenting Parents mental health problems negatively affect they way they Parental mental health generally does not decline with an empty interact with children nest Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education CHANGES IN FAMILY NEEDS AND FUNCTIONS Changes in financial strain Cost of clothing car Large anticipated expenditures for example college Parents belong to sandwich generation Changes in family s relationship to other social institutions Increasing importance of peers to adolescents Family s role during adolescence less clear than in infancy or childhood Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education SPECIAL CONCERNS OF IMMIGRANT FAMILIES How adolescents and parents adjust to changes in family needs and functions varies across ethnic groups Familism An orientation toward life in which the needs of the family take precedence over the needs of the individual Generational dissonance Divergence of views between adolescents and parents that is common in families of immigrant parents and American born adolescents Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education TRANSFORMATIONS IN FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS 1 Changes in the Balance of Power Adolescents try to play a more forceful role in the family but parents take time to allow adolescents influence To adapt requires a shared sense of what they are experiencing and how they are changing Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill Education TRANSFORMATIONS IN FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS 2 Figure 4 1 Between early and mid adolescence there is an increase in the proportion of families in which parents and teenagers have a turbulent relationship but between mid and late adolescence parent adolescent relationships improve markedly Copyright 2020 McGraw Hill Education All rights reserved No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw