Anna Wood December 3rd 2014 Psychology 105 06 I Eating Disorders Lecture Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders a Maladaptive disturbances in eating behavior i Overeating ii Reducing food intake b Anorexia and Bulimia i 90 95 Female ii Goal is to be fit iii iv Frustration of significant others 1 Doesn t know how to help v Patient wants to be better but doesn t not In order to stop need to understand that it is irrational II Anorexia Nervosa a Refusing to maintain a minimum normal body weight Intense fear of being overweight or fat i ii Disturbance in eating habits iii Distorted image of body shape and self image 1 Thin iv Females with anorexia have abnormal or do not have a menstrual cycle v Decrease in basal metabolic rate b Key features i Refusal to eat ii Distorted perception iii Denies seriousness of weight loss c Effects i Similar to those who starve ii BMR decreases iii Blood levels of glucose insulin and leptin decrease iv Hormonal levels drop v Sex drive decrease vi Develops a soft fine hair called lanugo to maintain body heat III Bulimia Nervosa a Recurring episodes of binge eating b Inability to control stop eating c Episodes of purging after eating i Misuse of diuretics and laxatives d Key features i Fear of gaining weight ii Stay within normal weight range iii Electrolyte imbalances iv Eroding in tooth enamel due to vomiting v Usually does not lose any weight IV Causes of Eating Disorders a Decrease in neurotransmitter serotonin b Genetic factors c Family interaction patterns i Criticism by parents ii Parental modeling of disordered eating d Western culture attitudes towards being thin i Perfectionism rigid thinking social isolation low self esteem V Schizophrenia a Psychological disorder that involves distorted beliefs perceptions and thought processes b Experiences different reality c In order to be diagnosed need to display 2 characteristics for more than a month i Distorted beliefs ii Distorted thought processes iii Perceptions d Negative and positive symptoms i Positive Symptoms 1 Delusions 2 Hallucinations 3 False perceptions 4 Disorganized thought processes e Delusions i False beliefs that persist despite contradictory evidence ii Delusion of Reference 1 Other peoples behaviors and events are personally related to him her iii Delusion of Grandeur 1 He she is powerful wealthy or important iv Delusion of Persecution 1 Believes that others are plotting against them or loved ones v Delusion of Control 1 Outside forces are trying to exert control over them a Government god etc f Hallucinations i False or distorted perceptions very real ii Content is tied to delusional belief 1 Auditory visual or tactile feeling things that aren t there stimuli that seem 1 Ex delusions of being controlled 2 Can be influenced by religious belief or culture a Ex hearing God s voice Impossible to distinguish from reality iii iv Less severe schizophrenia understand that hallucinations are not real g Negative Symptoms i Deficits in emotional functioning ii Plot affect iii Alogia reduced production of speech iv Avolution inability to initiate in simple tasks h Plot Affect i Respond in an emotionally flat way 1 Decrease in emotional responsiveness ii Speech is monotone i Alogia i When person s speech is greatly reduced ii Verbal responses are brief and empty comments j Avolition i Inability to initiate or persist in simple goal directed behaviors 1 Ex sitting still for many hours and cannot get up k Delusions are the most common positive symptom l Avolition is the most common negative symptom VI Prevalence and Course a 1 million Americans treated for Schizophrenia every year b 1 will experience 1 episode during their lifetime c Onset is during young adulthood d 25 who experience an episode will recover e 25 who experience reoccurring episodes will have minimal impairment f 50 will develop a chronic mental illness i Severe impairment on their functioning VII Explaining Schizophrenia a No pattern found in genetics to be the cause If both parents have schizophrenia then 40 chance of getting it Identical twin with it 48 of developing it i ii iii Occurs with no family history of mental disorders b Paternal age i Genetic mutations occur in sperm and then can increase risk of developing schizophrenia in the offspring ii Age 50 offspring 3 times more likely to develop iii Mother s age typically plays no role for schizophrenia c Viral infection theory i Exposure to a virus during prenatal care or infancy can impact brain structure of the child and can impact brain and the development of the child d Dopamine Hypothesis i Excess activity of dopamine in the brain 1 Anti psychotic drugs that block dopamine can reduce symptoms 2 Amphetamines and cocaine increase dopamine in the brain and can produce symptoms in normal adults or can make symptoms more severe in adults that are predisposed to developing schizophrenia e Healthy family environment environments i Genetically predisposed are more vulnerable to being disturbed by family ii Study with adopted children with biological schizophrenic mother had a higher rate of schizophrenia when raised in disturbed home 1 Child had no genetic history of schizophrenia Lecture Chapter 15 Psycho Therapies I Two Broad Forms of Therapy a Psychotherapy problems i Psychological techniques that treat emotional behavioral and interpersonal ii Encourage understanding of what the person is understanding and to modify peoples feelings behaviors or relationships iii Symptoms of psychological disorders involve psychological factors iv Types Anna Wood December 5th 2014 Psychology 105 06 II What is Behavior Therapy 1 Behavior therapy and cognitive therapy b Biomedical Therapy Involves medication electroconvulsive therapy or other medical treatments i ii Assumes that symptoms involve biological factors NOT psychological factors iii Types 1 Medication and electroconvulsive therapy a Used to modify specific problem behaviors but not change the entire personality i Ex cigarette smoking nail biting phobias b Assumptions i Therapists assume that maladaptive behaviors are learned ii Should unlearn behaviors and replace them with better behaviors iii Based on classical observational and operant III Techniques Based on Classical Conditioning a Mary Cover Jones and Peter i Counterconditioning the learning of a new conditioned response that is incompatible with a previously learned response 1 Caged rabbit and Peter eating his favorite snack 2 Moved cage closer and eventually be able to hold