Chinampas Ayllus Pachakuti Sumerian Society In central Mexico along with Milpas which are fields where they planted corn squash beans and other crops the people also built Chinampas These are floating gardens that were made of soil that they dredged from the bottom of the lake or pond and placed on mats of woven twigs and then used for plating crops They were very productive and yielded up to three harvests a year The relevance of is the development of agriculture in Mesoamerica Most importantly they started to raise what is now the most important crop in the Americas Think Alliance Inca clan The fundamental social unit of Inca society All members of the Ayllu owed allegiance to the curacas or clan leaders who conducted relations with outsiders Tight knit cooperation in the cultivation of the land and the intermarriage among members of the ayllu wove people into a tight web of connections Clan based structure of Inca Society relevance Think patchwork or quilt idea that new ruler must rebuild wealth expanded empire through military Leader of the Incas who was believed to have descended from the sun god and that the health and prosperity of the state depended upon Forced language of Quechua Unaware of their origins but they develop in Mesopotamia Brought new innovations including writing cuneiform Polytheistic There is surgery medicine and black magic is also used for healing Start farming and using irrigation which calls for government although not very complex Earliest known civilization Woman had rights Cloth in Inca Society Five Pillars of Islam At the center of the city were Ziggurats First glimpse of social structure Nobles King Family Officials Commoners were free people they could own land and men were able to voice their political opinion It was extremely patriarchal Clients also free people and were dependent on nobility for work They would work on the land of nobles in return for their own Slaves indentured for life or short period of time these people had more rights than those of modern slavery They could serve any higher class and their children were not usually also slaves it was a one generation thing Cloth trade and bartering rewards Llama wool or cotton derived from Egyptian cotton Norte Chico Incas believed evolution through type of clothing leaves animal skin cloth form of civilization Muhammed was born in Mecca into a very important clan because of his uncle He sees a vision in Mount Hira of Angel Gabriel whom warns him against the worship of false gods He writes down all that he is told and 23 years later this becomes the Quran He believed he was the last prophet and it was his role to share this message Muhammed travels from Mecca to Medina this departure is called Hijra and those that follow him are called Umma After settling in Medina the Umma miss Mecca and chose to go back to attack and create mosques Muhammed writes of the 5 pillars 1 Witness Shahada testimony that there is no god but god allah 2 Worship Salat ritual prayer done five Quran Ka aba Saljuq Turks times a day and men at the mosque on Fridays Woman usually did prayer at home 3 Fasting Sawm month of Ramadan sunrise to sunset praying abstinence form bonds 4 Tithing Zakat money to the poor through govt tax initially donations 5 Pilgramage Hajj to Mecca in 12th month all adults must do once in their lifetime See above for story Book of faith for Islam Holds five pillars and other duties for Islamic Life Revealed God to Muhammed Influence from Judaism and Christianity People of the Book Shabba Rocks In Mecca Originally a pile of rocks Meeting place for gods Must face it when praying Rocks in the center used for worship before Islam but eventually are seen in the center of mosques as well Came from the area of Turkmanistan and were originally Turkish nomads until they were sucked into or joined the Abasid Empire they lived on the outside of this area to protect from invaders They embraced the Turkish Nomads because they were skilled with weapons Seen as liberators by the peasents because the Saljuqs freed them when their leader Manzikert conquered Byzantine empire They do not have a good relationship with the church because they are not of the same religion the majority of Saljuqs were Islamic Many who wanted power had to convert to Islamic in order to get it They conquered church land eventually and didn t force Islamic religion upon the people but they didn t let them practice Koumiss Chinggis Khan Khanates their own religion Eventually they began to force Muslim policies and began to favor it for reasons like the economy They had already converted to Islam but hadn t really practiced until now where they favor Muslim over Christian policies Nomadic and Militaristic Tughril Beg conquers empire becomes Sultan raises army and conquers the Abassid empire and governs them Manzikert takes over and later conquers Byzantine capital frees peasents and restricts religion to make people convert Fermented dairy product made of Mares Milk Drinken for nutrients and caloric intake not to get drunk Mongols Real name is Temujin only becomes Chinggis Khan when he is named the Great Ruler Chinggis Khans father was killed and he wanted avengence he gains support after mastering the art of winning allies through displays of personal courage in battle and generosity to his followers and ends up becoming the Great Khan leader that leads into battle Creates postal system Modernizes mongol society Bodyguard of 10 000 men After Chinggis dies his four children separate into 4 khanates to rule 1 Empire of the Great Khan Ogodei 2 Chagatai Khanate Mid Asia 3 Khanate of the Golden Horde 4 Il Khan Empire Ogodei is the next Khan The Khanates remain separate during the civil war and there is differing cultures in each Ogodei dies and Khubilai Khan is the next Great Khan and he is the one who takes over China He also attempts to take over Japan but has no success In Central Asia Persia and Russia the Osman Black Death Khanates merged with the Turkish groups and converted to Islam The new conqueror Tamerlane and went into Persia India Southern Russia and successfully took them over Even still the empire fell when he died Born and ruled from Sogut Founded the Ottomans when he declared independence from the Saljuq Turks Has a prophecy where he sees a moon leave his friends chest and enter his this vision told him to go to Constantinople This prophecy showed Malkhatun love and union His father Estugrul was the leading Khan at the