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Chapter 6 Family Violence Exam 2 Notes o No longer viewed as private problem but public o Violence occurs across societies cultures and historical time o Not limited to one SES or demographic group Every type and form of family has the potential to become violent Types of Family Violence o Child Abuse 4 Major Types of Maltreatment Neglect 64 o The most commonly reported o The failure to provide for a child s basic needs Physical Abuse 16 o Injuries ranging from bruises to fractures to death o Abuse regardless of whether or not a caregiver meant to hurt the child Emotional Abuse 6 6 o Pattern of behavior that impairs a child s emotional development or their sense of self worth o Difficult to prove but almost always present when another type of abuse is identified o Activities by parent or caretaker regarding anything Sexual Abuse 8 8 of a sexual nature Homicide Abuse o Most tragic consequence o Estimated that around 1 760 children die as a result of child abuse and neglect 3 5 Million children are reported each year So many more go abused and are not reported Usually you see more than one type in abuse cases o Elderly Abuse Physical Most commonly reported type Emotional Financial Caregiver neglect Between 1 and 2 million Americans aged 65 have been mistreated by someone they depend on for care In 2005 there were about 20 000 complaints of abuse gross neglect or exploitation among nursing home residents o Sibling Violence Thought by many to be most common type of family violence 35 of children experience physical abuse by a sibling mainly ages 6 to 12 o Intimate Partner Abuse Any type of romantic relationship Gets the most attention Physical coercive control emotional sexual financial post relationship homicide stalking In National Violence Against Women Survey it was found that about 3 times as many women are killed by husbands boyfriends as rates of men killed by wife girlfriend Domestic Violence Facts Review this article statistics 1 in 4 women will experience domestic violence Females 20 24 years are at greatest risk for nonfatal domestic violence most are never reported Child abuse neglect about 103 8 billion Intimate partner assault rape stalking over 5 8 billion 4 billion is for direct medical and mental services Victims have lost almost 8 million days of paid work This is equivalent to 42 000 full time jobs o Consequences Children Cost of Family Violence o Monetary Costs Poor school performance Lower attention to social cues Inappropriate sexual behavior Juvenile delinquency Special education classes Physical health declines Anxiety asthma depression Victims of childhood sexual abuse are more likely to be arrested for prostitution than other victims of abuse Increased risk of alcohol drug abuse Do not show signs of extreme disturbance Adults Mental health care Criminal costs Health issues Injury treatment cost Missing work earnings Suicide attempts PTSD Society as a whole Time lost from work Resources from social and criminal justice agencies Factors Associated with Family Violence o Sex Gender Differences Mothers slightly more likely to abuse or kill their children than Abusive females are usually younger than abusive men Men initiate more violence Women are injured more frequently fathers than men Suicidal biological fathers have more risk for child homicide Stepfathers are slightly more likely than biological fathers for committing child abuse o Social Characteristics Violence cuts across all SES groups and is not a function of social class or income Violence is cause by low social class and poverty Violence is more noticeable among the poor because their place of health is clinics and ERs The rates of family violence are higher among those with low income or if they live in poor neighborhoods o Stress Career life stressors have a medium effect on the likelihood of Men in working class jobs are more likely to use violence than intimate partner violence men in middle class jobs PTSD stress are higher for female victims than for male perpetrators or male victims o Social Isolation Those who are isolated from neighbors and relatives are more likely to be violent in the home Having social support social connectedness is a protective factor against intimate partner abuse o Intergenerational Transmission of Violence The idea that violence is transmitted from generation to generation About 30 of abused children grow up to use abuse in their own relationships or to be a victim Witnessing parental abuse significantly is related to later abusive behavior Boys who witness domestic violence are twice as likely to abuse their own partners and children when they become adults Child Resiliency growing up in an abusive home doesn t mean they ll grow up and be abusive 70 do not Theories Explaining Family Violence o Social Learning Theory Bandura Society is violent We learn violence from others Individuals who have experienced or witnessed violence are more likely to use violence The home is the prime location where people learn how to deal with stressors crisis and frustrations if violence is experienced that s what they learn and justify being violent o Ecological Theory risk of violence Mismatch between parent child family community leads to higher Works for trying to explain child abuse Would look at if the parent and the child were vastly different Example A child with ADD and parents who are stressed out and has poor coping skills o Social Exchange Theory o General Strain Theory Proposes that both partner abuse and child abuse are governed by the principle of costs and benefits Individuals use abuse when pros are greater than consequences Sweet revenge occurs The gain of violence is having control and dominance Explains violence related to frustration or anger when people are treated poorly in social relationships The idea that you have snapped pushed to the limit and so you react violently 3 Strains that increase someone s anger fear 1 Failure to achieve positively valued goals o Could result in illegitimate means to get what you want 2 Presentation of negative stimuli o Often cause revenge seeking 3 Anticipated or actual loss of positively valued stimuli loss of a loved one major life transition o May seek revenge for a loss or prevent life changes through illegal methods Most critical response to strain is anger o Feminist Theory Patriarchal structure of social system leads to violence against women and children Uses to explain that this leads to violence against women and


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FSU FAD 3432 - Exam 2 Notes

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