CHD 4615 Final Exam Study Guide Week 10 13 Black Lecture notes Red Further detail from the book Blue Most possibly on the test Juvenile Justice System o Trends in youth drug use among high school senior students 1970s sharp increase 1980s drop 1990s slight increase Currently slight decline in the last 10 years Marijuana Drug arrests are increasing explains a lot of juvenile drug use o Contributors to youth and drug use Social environmental context is a huge influence on youth drug use What is a predictor of failure upon youth returning home from juvenile detention following a drug charge o About 98 will return back home Assumed that kids use drugs in poverty but that s not necessarily true Some are policed differently from community to community different attitudes based on how many crimes are in certain neighborhoods aka stop and release Poverty Rough neighborhoods Minority status Lack of support To support their families mainly African Americans Background child abuse neglect health the thrill mainly Hispanics o Color by Number Clip Challenges our views of race and criminal justice Whites have the highest percentages of being juvenile offenders http www youtube com watch v wO4kCK2GlWQ However children of color are less likely to have their cases dismissed and more likely to receive detention as opposed to probation What does this mean for policy makers Justice is not blind What does this mean for practitioners They have a hard time differentiating children and criminals who are involved in the juvenile justice system o Adolescent development The youth are not fully developed socially and emotionally This gives the court a better understanding how to treat a situation Adolescents are often looking for an identity and may have underdeveloped decision making skills The brain develops until age of 25 o Cerebral context is the last part of the brain to develop o Makes kids more impulsive o They more responsive to rewards than to punishments As kids mature the more likely they are to stop offending Label identity o Risky because we can help create the behavior we think we re trying to stop ex thug o Fly Trap Once they are in the system it is very hard to get them out every time someone violates a probation we increase those sanctions You often live by this mantra to do what makes them feel good The U S was the last to bring the death penalty What is done at this age has a long term impact on their behavior as an adult o Current issues http www youtube com watch v LQjNvuQU2o8 http www youtube com watch v Qk2Eo4wxe6w Chaotic system of services when it comes to treatment Matching services to their problems Severe problems o The Justice system respond largely on the offense there processed with o The higher you go on the severity of the problem the more leverage you have on that person Lack of support o social support network o The court naturally responds to your case differently if you Justice vs therapeutic intervention have social support Treating youth as adults and current issues o Kids as young as 7 years old can be trialed as adults o 1 in 5 victims of sexual violence in jails and prison are under the age of 18 o 36 times more likely to commit suicide o 10 000 children are held in adult jails and prisons every day o 7 500 have never been convicted of a crime o Kids in adult prisons is cruel they are not fully developed yet to handle it o The U S offer life without parole to kids o Rehab Model facility based on rewards rather than punishment Much more effective for rehabilitation youths to become productive members of society In the U S it s rare to have place like this o http www youtube com watch v GkkOpRzwZew It s hard to match services may not be services to match severe problems or offenders may not have the support to make changes There is still a debate whether youth need justice or punishment or whether they need to be intervened with at an earlier age to prevent future behaviors What are some pros and cons of each expenses social expectations political party o Programs like Education prevention recreation physical activity affiliations Pros can help Cons o Money is not available to for prevention and for programs in school There is also a debate on who is most responsible for these parents taxpayers schools etc o How do we define the problem 40 of the population has a drug problem Linda Teplin Study There are different ways that we can define youth drug problems We can respond to crime not youth s needs justice orientated Make drug crimes less severe and respond to the individual s needs therapeutic oriented What are the pros and cons of these approaches o Cons It s difficult to for the justice system keep justice orientated and therapeutic oriented topics separate It s also hard to keep the people in the justice system aware of the two differences It s a risk to use the legal system there s a cost to use the legal system marijuana is treated as a social scourge o Responsibility Who are the different parties responsible Family and government What are the implications of allowing the government or families to take responsibility for this problem You cannot trust the government publications about marijuana because they have systematically lied to us The delivery mechanism Families believe that they re child will never have a drug problem o well my child would never do that o What is currently being done Intervention drug treatment referrals per day 2005 189 by juvenile justice facilities 66 by self referral 43 by schools 37 by community organizations 22 by drug treatment centers 18 by health care providers o Current statistics 2 million youth per year become involved with the juvenile justice system due to drug charges Number one gateway drug is tobacco then marijuana 1 3 urban American boys will be arrested by age 18 We are arresting kids for drugs at a higher rate than ever Because juvenile justice is getting better at identifying individuals who are committing seriously drug problems but there s not a lot of evidence Funnel metaphor Top of the funnel o All the kids that come in who are at low risk 50 60 not a common occurrence for them o As you move down it gets narrow very quickly There aren t very many who need intensive care o Diagnostic assessments to see which kids are which o http www youtube com watch v Vjn59b7veGE feature fvwrel Can t think of Juvenile justice involving with incarceration or with violence Only 1 5 of youth are actually incarcerated at arrest 1