morphs fish 1 morph Fish Fish pl morphemes 2 morphemes ADJECTIVES Morphs smaller better best VERBS morphs Worked DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNATORS FOR INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES Inflectional morphemes can often be realized by a few different forms or the same form may denote several different inflectional morphemes PAG da completare MORPHEMYC ANALYSIS A noun such as sheep raises a difficulty for morphemic analysis since it is singular or plural should we postulate 2 morphemic analuses Sheep pl sheep sg This seems like a good idea if we postulate a morpheme for singular even though is never realized we can account for number systematically So we should reanalyze man s as man sg poss writer as write er sg 2 morphs 1 morph 1 morph Smaller Better Best Morphemes 2 morphemes 2 morphemes 2 morphemes Small good good comp comp supl We need to postulate a morpheme for positive degree even though is never realized 2 morphs Worked wrote 1 Wrote morphemes 2 morphemes 2 morphemes 2 morphemes Work work write Past Past participle past We need to postulate a morpheme pres which is never realized to account coherently for the distinction past vs present Work 1 morph work 2 morphemes work pres PRONOUNS Meaningless express grammatical features morphs We him 1 morph 1 morph its 2 morphs We Him His morphemes 3 morphemes 4 morphemes 4 morphemes 1 p pl nom 3p sg masc obj 3p sg n poss MORPHOLOGICAL REALIZATION RULES Can be of 4 types AGGLUTINATIVE RULE 2 morphemes are realized by morphs which remain distinct and are simply glued together es writer pl FUSIONAL RULE 2 morphemes are realized by morphs which do not remain distinct but are fused together es tooth pl teeth NULL REALIZATION RULE a morpheme is never realized as a morph in any word of the relevant class es sing on nouns ZERO RULE a morpheme is realized as a zero morph in particular members of a word class es sheep pl sheep Examples Agglutinative work past worked Fusional write past wrote Null work pres work Zero put past put put pastpart put Fusional and agglutinative man pl poss men s a least little est 2 morphs least little suprl fusional b set 1 morph 2 morphemes set pres null set pass zero set past part zero set sg null c fish 1 morph 2 morphemes fish sg null fish pl zero d should 2 morphs shall ed should shall past fusional e hop ed 2 morphs hope past agglutinative past part agglutinative f hear ing 2 morphs hear present participle agglutinative hear gerund s gas a noun agglutinative g were 1 morph 2 morphemes be passt pl fusional o be past sg fusional h elder old comp fusional also a noun elder elder sg null i must must prs null j topmost top superlative agglutinative k our morphemes 1rst person pl possesive fusional l rings ring pl agglutinative ring prs 3rd p sg agglutinative m sayings say gerunde pl agglutinative n broken break past part fusional o these this pl fusional p whose who possessive agglutinative q older old comp agglutinative r her 3rd feminine sg obj fusional 3rd f sg possesive fusional s taken take past part agglutinative t women s woman pl possesive fusional agglutinative null when a nouns is sg adj positive verb prs
View Full Document