2/1/22, 7:45 AMFichas de aprendizaje MEA 101 Final NCSU | QuizletPage 2 of 9https://quizlet.com/395768906/mea-101-final-ncsu-flash-cards/Alternative energy sourcesWindSolarBiomassAndesitic Magma Moderate silica, causes violent eruptionsangular unconformity the boundary between a set of tilted layers and a set of horizontal layersBad Lava felsic lava, gases can't escape; explosivebed load Gravel, sand - roll bounce slideBiggest Volcanic Eruption Wah wah springscalderasa huge bowl-shaped depression formed when an empty magma chambercollapses after a volcanic eruptionCenozoic Era Large mammals abundantClimate change a change in global or regional climate patterns in the long termClimate change may be due toNatural external forcingsNatural internal processesAnthropogenic(humans)composite volcanotall mountain with steep sides and wide base, made up of alternate layersof ash, cinder, and lava.Continental crust Crust about 30km to 100km thick that makes up the continentsconvergent boundary A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.Cryovulcanism Enceladus and TritonDarker Igneous Rocks Oceanic, low-silica(Mafic)Deep depths high temperature = ductile deformation (rocks flow)dip slip fault blocks move parallel to the dip of the fault2/1/22, 7:45 AMFichas de aprendizaje MEA 101 Final NCSU | QuizletPage 3 of 9https://quizlet.com/395768906/mea-101-final-ncsu-flash-cards/Discharge formula L(m)W(m)Velocity(m/s)disconformitya type of unconformity in which the sedimentary layers above and belowthe unconformity are paralleldissolved load dissolved mineralsdivergent boundary plates move apartdouble-chain silicates two single chains of tetrahedra link to each other by sharing oxygen atomsDrumlins a long, canoe shaped hill made of till and shaped by an advancing glacierEarthquake Intensity Scale I-XII intensity ratingEarthquake size is described by twomeasurements:the severity of damage (intensity) and the amount of ground motion(magnitude)eccentricity shape of orbit changes distance to sunElementSubstances that cannot be separater into simpler substances by chemicalmeansEons of Earth HistoryPhanerozoic 0-542 myaProterozoic 542-2500 myaArchean 2500-4600Eras of Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic, Mesozoic, CenozoicEskersdeposits of reworked till that form in tunnels carved under glaciers bymeltwaterFelsic Magmamagma that is silica rich(Rhyolitic), high viscosity, retains volatiles, lowdensity, low temperature. Feldspar and QuartzFootwall The block of rock that forms the lower half of a faultFormation of clastic sedimentary rocksBreakdownTransportationLithification2/1/22, 7:45 AMFichas de aprendizaje MEA 101 Final NCSU | QuizletPage 4 of 9https://quizlet.com/395768906/mea-101-final-ncsu-flash-cards/framework silicates form when each tetrahedron is bonded to four other tetrahedraGas giants Jupiter and Saturnglacial outwashcoarse sediment deposited on a glacial outwash plain by meltwaterstreamsGlobal distribution of water96.5% Salt water 3.5% fresh waterFresh Water 68.7% in glaciers and ice caps, 30.1% in ground water, .9%otherSurface Freshwater 87% Lakes 11% Swamps, Rivers 2%gradient change in elevation over a distanceHalf life Time it takes for half of an isotope to decayHanging wall the block of rock that lies above an inclined fault or an ore body.hazards associated with earthquakes ground shaking (causes most damage), liquefaction, landslide, tsunamiHot Spots Places where molten material from the mantle reaches the lithosphereHow is oil preservedtrapped in pore spacesfaultssalt domesunconformitieslensesInflow(recharge) how groundwater entersIsolated Silicate Olivine, single silica tetrahedrakettle lakes small lakes formed by ice pieces from a glacierlahars (mudflows) debris mixes with water in streams of from melted iceLarger visible mineral grains Plutonic igneous rockslava domes bulbous mass of congealed lava; associated with explosive eruptions2/1/22, 7:45 AMFichas de aprendizaje MEA 101 Final NCSU | QuizletPage 5 of 9https://quizlet.com/395768906/mea-101-final-ncsu-flash-cards/Lighter Igneous Rocks Continetal, high-silica(Felsic)LiquefactionThe process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turnsloose soil into liquid mudMafic magmamagma that is silica poor(Basaltic), low viscosity, releases volatiles, highdensity, high temperature. Olivine, Pyroxene, BiotiteMagnitudes increase in energy logarithmicallyMesozoic EraGrasses and flowering plantsbirdsdinosaurs anf reptilesMicroscopic Mineral Grains Volcanic igneous rocksMineralA naturally occurring, inorganic solid made up of one or more elements.Has a definite chemical composition and uniform atomic structureMost abundant elements for the entire Earth Iron, Oxygen, Silicon, Magnesium, Nickel, SulfurMost abundant elements in Earth's crust Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium (O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca)Most earthquakes occur at shallow depths along plate boundariesMost volcanoes are found along subduction zonesNC energy generationCoal 55%Nuclear 35%Natural gas 4%Hydroelectric 4%Renewables 2%NC Energy use28% transportation28% residential23% commercial21% industrialnegative forcing cools the surfacenonconformity metamorphic or igneous rocks in contact with sedimentary strata2/1/22, 7:45 AMFichas de aprendizaje MEA 101 Final NCSU | QuizletPage 6 of 9https://quizlet.com/395768906/mea-101-final-ncsu-flash-cards/Normal FaultA type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tensionin the crustO16 levels tell ushigher O16 in oceans means warmer climates because O16 evaporates andduring cold periods will be trapped on land as iceOceanic crust earths crust located under the oceanOil is formed: By the rapid burial of marine microorganismsOutflow(discharge) how groundwater leaves the groundPaleozoic Erainsects and reptiles on landfishesland plantscommon organisms with hard skeletonsPartial Meltingthe process by which different minerals in rock melt at differenttemperatures. Makes a more felsic magma than parent rockPlutonic Rocks Igneous rocks that solidify underground.porosity and permeabilityThe two things that movement of water through rock depends on. Porosity;proportion of empty space. Permeability; Capacity of water to flowthrough earth materialsPositive forcing warms the surfacePossible interior oceansCalisto(Jupiter)Mimas(Saturn)Titan(Saturn)Triton(Neptune)PlutoPrecambrian Eraapprox. time of the origin of the Earth 4.5 bya, molten earth. comets addwater to earth 4 bya, early bacterial life starts producing Oxygen 3.5