Business and ArtHollywood 1920s-50s:1. Bigger screens for having blown up faceso Viewer interest2. Longer takes (8-11 seconds)3. “Movie Palace” = the ONLY place you can see a filmModern:1. Smaller screens for close-ups2. Faster cutsa. Viewer interest3. DVDs, BluRay, etc.WHAT FACTORS CHANGED CINEMA?1. Television (1940s)2. Home Videos (1980s)Streaming Video: video can be viewed on YouTube, etc.Hollywood Majors: (produce 10-15 productions; distribute 10-12 films to other companies)- Sony Pictures Entertainment/ Colombia Pictureso Spider-Man 3, Da Vinci Code,- Warner Bros.o Inception, Batman Begins, The Polar Express- Disneyo Pirates of the Caribbean- 20th Century Foxo Avatar, Die Hard 4, X-Men 3- Universalo King Kong, Bourne Ultimatum- Paramounto Iron Man- MGM  NOT a major anymoreo Legally Blonde 2, The Pink PantherDomestic theatrical market (U.S. and Canada) earn LESS than overseasMinors/Independents = limited release market- Cheaper productions- LESS publicity and distributionFilm as an Art Form Venice Film Festival (1932) - Italy Cannes Film Festival (1946) – France*International distribution of films improved the cinema industry*Box Office- Success is earned during opening weekend and drops significantly in the weeks to followo (ex. Spider-Man 3 earned $151mil in opening weekend, but dropped 62% the following)o Counter: Avatar gained more and more each week after the opening- Annual ticket sales tell more about a film than its box office success- Rentals: revenues returned to the studio distributor and from which profit arises after expenseso Box office grossing doesn’t include the cost it took to make the movie… Expensive movies may gather a lot of box office success but do not make much profit (ex. Iron Man $353mil… cost $186mil) (Blair Witch Project $120mil… cost $35,000) negative cost: the expense the production has incurred, including salaries, costs, etc.Profit Participants: share in a film’s profit alongside the studio- Actors “take points” to earn a percentage of the profit- Outside investors help finance the filmAncillary Markets: non-theatrical markets that also generate revenue for the studio- Broadcast television, DVD/BluRay companies, digital distribution (Netflix), licensing of characters to logos/comic books- Product Tie-In: products that carry a name or idea featured in the film that create revenuefor a studio; t-shirts, toys, mugs, etc.o (ex. Jaws 1975: shark memorabilia)- Product Placement: companies give money to studios to ensure that their products are shown on screenInternational Influence1. Provokes overseas filmmakers to position their work to relate to foreign cinema2. Employs émigré directors3. Remakes foreign films and then distributes them