Whig party collapses in 1854.Dred Scott vs. SanfordScott was a slave born in the 1850s, owned by army official EmersonEmerson was sent to Illinois (free state) by the army and took Scott with himTransferred to Wisconsin territory. Emerson met a Missouri slave holder who owned a slave named HarrietLegally married. Not normal for slaves from different families especially to get married.Transferred to Louisiana and then left Scotts in Wisconsin territory for while. Emerson requests that they meet him in Louisiana and they freely go. Technically, they would not have had to since they were in a free territory.Emerson marries Irene SanfordThen transferred to St. Louis1843: Emerson passes awayWith the help of his former owners (the Blows), Scott makes a case that he and his family be freedThere was a precedent that Missouri slaves be freed when they are taken out of Missouri territoryCase was put off until 1850Judge rules that Scott is freeIrene Emerson appeals decisionFamily is still enslaved but not in direct employment of EmersonWorked for a different family and any money generated from work would be awarded to Emerson if ruling came back that they would still be slaves and it would be awarded to Scott if the ruling declared that he was still a slaveMissouri Supreme Court ruled that without precedence, times had changed. Evil spirit in north that was hostile toward slavery. To free Scott now would only encourage those feelings. To free him would fuel dis-Union.Mrs. Emerson remarried to Calvin ChaffyAspiring anti-slavery politician from MassachusettsMrs. Emerson transfers ownership of Scott to her brother (Sanford) who had business dealings in MissouriScott’s lawyers argue that he was being falsely imprisoned (involving citizens of two different states)This means Scott’s lawyers can go to federal courtJury comes back saying that he is still a slaveAppeals to the United States Supreme CourtChief Justice- TaneyPro-slavery7 of 9 justices were appointed by democrats (5 of which by southern democrats)Case is heard and decided in 1857 (7:2)Scott is still a slaveTaney does not send Scott back to Missouri. Also says that Congress had no right to ban slaves from a territory. Any further efforts to ban slavery from the territory would be unconstitutional. A territory cannot ban slavery. They answer to Congress. Only time they can reject slavery is at the decision of statehood.Creates outrage in the NorthRepublicans immediately announce that they would not abide by Taney’s ruling. Argues that the case isn’t binding. Taney had added commentary that was not needed.Sanford had died before verdict, so Irene was owner once again. She sold Scott and his family to Tyler Blow (son of original owner) who granted them their freedomWith ruling, Northern Democrats leave Democratic Party for Republican Party.Stephan Douglas and Abraham LincolnDouglas is wounded by Dred Scott discussion.His Kansas-Nebraska Act was criticized because it had opened the door for slavery in the new territoryAgreed to have 7 debatesMay 1856Group of border ruffians attack the city of Lawrence led by US SenatorFree soil town and free soil pressSite of free-territorial legislatureJohn BrownVowed revenge for attack on LawrenceHeads to creek in northeastern Kansas. Few homesteads that southerners had moved into. Took out the men away from their families and hacked them to death with machetes. None of which were slaveholders.Ignites civil war in Kansas, 200 killed.Pierce sends 1700 federal troops before war is settledTwo rival governments rise in KansasPro-slaveryAnti-slaveryBrown and the Secret Six charge the federal arsenal in mid-OctoberIn Harper’s FerryThey now have guns and ammunitionThey also stop a trainBaggage handler (free black man) is shot by one of the Secret Six over an argument over luggageThey let the train go on its way, while telegraph lines had been cutEngineer tells telegraph operator to send message, but cannotMarines storm the occupied arsenal and is taken back into US handsBrown is handed overConvicted and hungThoughts are that his intentions were to distribute weapons to runaway slaves and then engage in guerilla warfareBy 1860, most northerners and southerners are on completely different pages on where the country should be headedNational Religious institutions began to splitBaptist, Presbyterians, MethodistsMost northerners were not abolitionists however. Most slaveholders didn’t care about slavery in Kansas.Crisis in the 1850s 04/23/2014Whig party collapses in 1854.Dred Scott vs. Sanford- Scott was a slave born in the 1850s, owned by army official Emersono Emerson was sent to Illinois (free state) by the army and took Scott with himo Transferred to Wisconsin territory. Emerson met a Missouri slave holder who owned a slave named Harriet Legally married. Not normal for slaves from different families especially to get married.o Transferred to Louisiana and then left Scotts in Wisconsin territory for while. Emerson requests that they meet him in Louisiana and they freely go. Technically, they would not havehad to since they were in a free territory. - Emerson marries Irene Sanfordo Then transferred to St. Louis- 1843: Emerson passes away- With the help of his former owners (the Blows), Scott makes a case that he and his family be freed- There was a precedent that Missouri slaves be freed when they are taken out of Missouri territory- Case was put off until 1850o Judge rules that Scott is freeo Irene Emerson appeals decisiono Family is still enslaved but not in direct employment of Emersono Worked for a different family and any money generated from work would be awarded to Emerson if ruling came back that they would still be slaves and it would be awarded to Scott if the ruling declared that he was still a slave- Missouri Supreme Court ruled that without precedence, times had changed. Evil spirit in north that was hostile toward slavery. To free Scott now would only encourage those feelings. To free him would fuel dis-Union. - Mrs. Emerson remarried to Calvin Chaffyo Aspiring anti-slavery politician from Massachusettso Mrs. Emerson transfers ownership of Scott to her brother (Sanford) who had business dealings in Missouri- Scott’s lawyers argue that he was being falsely imprisoned (involving citizens of two different states)o This means Scott’s lawyers can go to federal court- Jury comes back saying that he is still a slave- Appeals to the United States Supreme Courto Chief Justice- Taney