HIST 0430 notes Lecture 10 3 26 14 page 1 issue today immigration to not emigration from Japan aging population fill labor gap with foreign laborers Japanese extremely against immigration worried of threat to society Kitano Japanese Americans Evolution of a Subculture Ronald Takaki 400k Japanese immigrated to US at turn of 20th century 1 Departures and Destinations a Where were they from i mostly southern southwestern Japan ii also north iii basically all over b Where did they go i west coast primarily CA HI ii Canada iii originally Mexico but coffee plantations failed 1 later South America iv Europe mostly closed but accepted temporary students c Why emigrate i economic motivation opportunities for work 1 1880s 1890s crushing for Japanese farmers 2 1882 28k applicants for first year travel to US 3 higher wages even as common laborers ii opportunities 1 education 2 fleeing legal consequences iii overpopulation 1 even without immigration to Japan population doubled in 60 years d What was it like where they went America 19th century immigrant discrimination prejudice i ii Chinese immigration restrictions 1 1882 completely excluded Chinese in Chinese Exclusion Act Japanese viewed as failure of Chinese government immigrants to adhere to American cultural standards 2 1 iii Hawaii 2 iv West Coast Japanese government only allowed immigrants to Hawaii after 1884 they were rude in 1868 Japanese nearly 50 shortly 1 carved out niche as specialized farmers 2 restrictions in Canada and Latin America later v discrimination of Japanese Americans HIST 0430 notes Lecture 10 3 26 14 page 2 1 Sawada Japanese observed as middle class because low class workers went back to Japan 2 disliked because they were good at their jobs couldn t assimilate 2 1920s in Japan and America in regards to immigration a Political events i 1919 shocks 1 Korea revolts against Japan 1919 2 4 months later revolt in China against Japanese ii League of Nations rejected equality proposal Japan was control offended treaties iii iv 1925 all men given vote but political rights cut back b Economic i WWI was good for trade but worldwide depression afterwards ii middle class urbanism Tokyo growing 1 also growing dichotomy AKA income disparity c Emigration immigration i right to land ownership taken away then 1924 exclusion ii net outflow of Japanese from US in 1920s 1 27k 1 3 of all Japanese immigrants returned to Japan 2 mainly laborers no future opportunity males 3 smaller farms 75 less leasing of farms iii there is still emigration just not to US 1 mostly Brazil 2 unhappiness with US immigration restrictions gave pretext to Japanese proponents of imperialism