2 common carotid internal and external 2 major coronary arteries left and right 2 peripheral chemoreceptors aortic bodies in aortic arch carotid bodies along carotid artery 2 vena cavae superior and inferior 3 formed elements in blood platelets leukocytes erythrocytes 3 functions of larynx voice production provides an open airway routes air and food into proper channels note that the larynx is open to breathe and closed during swallowing 3 sections of pharynx list from upper to lower nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx 4 components of innervation of the heart 4 processes of respiration sympathetic t1 t4 innervate SA AV nodes and cardiac muscles parasympathetic CN X innervate SA AV nodes cardiac plexus circulating hormones especially from adrenal medulla pulmonary ventilation external respiration transport of respiratory gases internal respiration Alveolar macrophages first line of defense against lung infection and know the structure of alveoli see diagram antigens any molecule that invokes a response from your immune system aortic valve prevents back flow into left ventricle Arteries vs veins arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart capillaries carry oxygen poor blood towards the heart the biconcave shape give 30 more surface area bronchial asthma hypersensitivity to irritants in air stress asthma attacks contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle secretion of mucus in airways bronchioles change in diameter due to smooth muscles cardiac notch along the pericardium carina conducting zone marks where trachea divides into 2 primary bronchi carry air to site of gas exchange filters warms and humidifies air nose nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses pharynx larynx and trachea bronchi and smaller branches COPD cystic fibrosis chronic obstruction pulmonary disease airflow in and out of lungs is difficult can be caused by chronic bronchitis smoking or emphysema exocrine gland function disrupted oversecretion of viscous mucus differences between pulmonary arteries and veins pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium different divisions of bronchi primary bronchi main bronchi largest right main bronchi wide and shorter than the left secondary lobar bronchi three on right two on left tertiary segmental bronchi branch into each lung segment DVT deep vein thrombosis epiglottis tips inferiorly during swallowing little flap erythrocytes transport O2 forced expiration active process contraction of internal and external oblique muscles transverse abdominis muscles function of C shaped rings in traches keep airway open push food down function of the nose provides airway for respiration moistens warms air filters inhaled air resonating chamber for speech houses olfactory receptors function of the spleen great vessels of the heart removal of blood antigens and destruction of old cells superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins ascending aorta hematocrit and average in men women of RBC men 47 5 women 42 5 hemoglobin carries oxygen hepatic portal collects nutrients how does inspiration occur and what muscles cause it volume of thoracic cavity increases decreases internal gas pressure action of diaphragm which flattens action of intercostal muscles raises the ribs How does lymph flow towards the heart how is blood delivered to lungs via bronchiole arteries how many liters of blood are in males vs females males 5 6L females 4 5L inspiration vs expiration inhalation and exhalation know the divisions of the arteries of the pelvis and lower limbs Int ext illiac FPP femoral popliteal posterior tibial know the pleura parietal pleura visceral pleura pleural cavity potential space between two pleurae know the respiratory organs and which zone each is in see diagram Know the venous drainage of the head and neck internal external jugular veins and vertebral veins Left vs right heart left to body right to lungs lobes of lungs left lung superior and inferior lobes right lung superior middle and inferior lobes major landmarks of the lungs apex base hilum root memory cells prevents infection of the same illness mitral bicuspid valve prevents back flow into left atrium Mononucleosis attacks B lymphocytes muscles of deep inspiration scalenes sternocleidomastoid pectoralis minor erector spinae extends the back myocardium heart muscle name the different types of arteries elastic and muscular distributing Name the different types of veins fenestrated and continuous Name the major lymph trunks jugular subclavian intestinal lumbar bronchiomediastinal Name the pulse points from head to toe superficial temporal facial artery common carotid brachial radial femoral popiteal posterior tibial artery dorsalis parasympathetic affect smooth muscle in bronchioles vagus nerve always constricts under para direction pulmonary arteries vs pulmonary veins pulmonary arteries deliver oxygen poor blood to the lungs pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart pulmonary valve prevents back flow into right ventricle quiet expiration is a passive process inspiratory muscles relax diaphragm moves superiorly volume of thoracic cavity decreases respiratory system supplies body with O2 and disposes of CO2 respiratory zone site of gas exchange lungs and alveoli see a diagram to know the divisions of the bronchial tree Sickle cell disease disorder of erythrocytes surfactant reduces surface tension within alveoli sympathetic affect smooth muscle in bronchioles Sympathetic ganglion from upper thoracic nerves always widen with sympathetic stimulation T and B lymphocytes destroy antigens things that counteract low venous pressure are valves and skeletal muscle tricuspid valve prevents back flow into right atrium true vocal cords act in sound production Type I cells type II cells alveolar and capillary walls surrounded by basal lamina secrete surfactant reduces surface tension within alveoli scattered among type 1 cells reduces surface tension within alveoli vessels evolve from aortic arch and descending aorta what 3 things make up blood plasma A goblin fibs Albumin globulin fibrinogen What activates the B and T lymphocytes lymph nodes what are biggest smallest arteries capillaries veins arteries biggest veins medium capillaries smallest what are chemoreceptors sensitive to O2 and CO2 what are the divisions of the arteries of the upper limb axial brachial radial ulnar What are the great vessels of the heart see a