Chapter 11 12 10 2012 Discuss the components and factors of credibility Components Competence Expertise Is the speaker in a position to know what is correct Character Trustworthiness Is the speaker inclined to tell me the truth Factors education occupation expertise disfluencies in delivery speaking rate citation of evidence and sources liking of the speaker humor Define listenable speech Rule 1 You speak for you audience not for yourself Rule 2 Audiences appreciates frills but notice missing fundamentals more Rule 3 Information and persuasion can never ne wholly separated Explain how demographics and psychographics work together Demographics your listeners characteristics based on their descriptions and backgrounds include such factors as age gender religion ethnicity education occupation and race Psychographics the audience s attitudes and beliefs Demographics and psychographics go hand and hand because the listeners attitudes and beliefs are based on their backgrounds and descriptions Define and differentiate among the components of the statement of central idea Your promise to your audience I promise I will meet the following obligations Components Goal of the speech to inform or to persuade Topic of the speech your subject Method of speech development main points in order The goal of the speech is the overall reason you re giving the speech The topic of the speech is what you re speaking about Method of speech is how you transition and the main points Clarify how principles of unethical communication work in the context of public speaking Chapter 12 12 10 2012 Explain how supporting material relates to logos and ethos Supporting material emphasizes credibility or logos when using statistics and testimonies while also emphasizing on emotions or ethos when using examples or stories Identify types of supporting evidence used in speeches Statistics a collection of numeric information arranged as representations trends or theories Use to quantify ideas or to show the magnitude or scope of an issue Examples stories and anecdotes Use Explanation clarification personalization or making things concrete Testimony statements about a phenomenon from people who have experience with it Use clarification of ideas back up contentions reinforce concepts Discuss principles of evaluating Internet sources Author Who wrote the article Qualifications and expertise bias agenda Sponsor Who paid for the article Web site organization s affiliations organizaiton s agenda organization s other financial connections Recency When was the article written reflects most current knowledge good for historical comparison of a citation Text Author Author s qualifications Date of publication Example Correctly write how to orally cite a source using the four elements In an article in the November 2004 issue of the South African Journal of Psychology Dr Derek Hook a professor of social psychology at the London School of Economics says and I quote Racism comprises a set of representations of the other in terms of negatively evaluative contents Chapter 13 12 10 2012 Explain the function of each type of signposting and provide remedies for examples of poor signposts Internal previews occur at the beginning of each main point previews the upcoming in order to understand the problems with purchasing meat from grocery restaurant and fast food chains we need to examine the economic environmental and ethical damage caused by buying meat from these chains Internal summary occur at the end of each main point summarizes the previous subpoints begin the two part transition to the next main point we just examined the economic environmental and ethical damage caused by buying meat from grocery restaurant and fast food chains Two part transitions sit between major component of speech link components and explain the logical relationship flow from one to the next Now that we have learned about the economic environmental and ethical damage caused by buying meat from these chains we must learn about a solution that each of us can implement beginning today Explain the function of parallelism and provide remedies for examples of poor parallelism Parallelism using the same words each time you talk about a main point Chapter 15 12 10 2012 Distinguish among organizational patterns Spatial speaker sets a point of reference and follows a geographic pattern Chronological speaker organizes speech according to time sequence Topical speaker explains an idea in terms of its component parts Causal cause effect speaker shows how two or more events are connected in such a way that if one occurs the other will necessarily follow Compare contrast speaker arranges information according to how two or more things are similar to or different from one another Problem solution speaker attempts to identify what is wrong and to determine how to cure it or make a recommendation for its cure Explain how choice of organizational pattern affects how information is interpreted by the audience It provides focus and direction as the writer composes the document which helps to ensure that the stated purpose is fulfilled For the reader clear organization greatly enhances the ease with which one can understand and remember the information being presented People seek out patterns to help make sense of information When the reader is not able to find a pattern that makes sense chaos and confusion abound Identify classifications of informative speeches Describe a particular thing in detail person place animal structure machine anything that can be touched Objects or seen Processes something Events Concepts Instruct an audience about how something works is made or is done so that the audience may apply the skills learned purpose may be to gain understanding of the process or learn how to do Inform the audience about something that has happened is currently happening or is about to happen Examine theories beliefs ideas philosophies or schools of thought the speaker must use precise language define terms give historical background avoid slang and jargon and use visual aids for support Chapter 16 12 10 2012 Identify and define the three major components Claim an assertion or conclusion you ask the audience to accept what do you want me to believe smooshzilla is the most wonderful cat in the world Grounds data statistics examples and reasoning on which the claim is based what have you got to go on Serpell 1991 and Demecki and Anderson 1996 found cats are beneficial to owners
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