STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 FRENCH REVOLTUION First Estate the clergy church officials archbishops and bishops Second Estate Nobles of the Robe and the Nobles of the Sword the rich a part of the king s club Nobles of the Robe Judicial officials the new rich Nobles of the Sword Supporters of the king the old rich Third Estate Includes everyone else Bourgeoisie serfs peasants etc Bourgeoisie The middle class The rich without titles They have money and they want political power three French estates Estates General Legislative assembly or the French parliament with representatives from the Adam Smith Wealth of Nations The new economic theory laissez faire Laissez Faire hands off The government that rules best rules least Mercantilism economic system of the kings and queens they make all of the economic Democratic Theory there should be no king and the people should rule theory during the second stage of the French revolution Rousseau Liberal Theory There should be a king but his power should be limited by either a constitution or parliament or both theory during the first stage of the French Revolution Locke Montesquieu Nationalism like minded people coming together to control their own destiny coming together for a common goal or purpose becomes very important during the French Revolution Middle Class Movement The French Revolution started with the middle class Immediate cause of French Revolution The Oath of the Tennis Court Oath of the Tennis Court ID When the 3rd estate declares themselves the National Assembly a part from the Estates General They ban together with the goal to create a new constitution for decisions and Voltaire France 1 Characteristics of the first stage Not very violent The only violence is the pitchfork murders Liberal theory Achievements of the first stage Destruction of feudal privileges class ranking no longer important and all Frenchmen become citizens of equal status charter of liberties result was the declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen secularization of church partial separation from Rome Constitution of 1791 Administrative and judicial reform aid for business abolished tolls and duties on goods transported within the country Second Stage Characteristics Extremely violent very chaotic France was now a Republic Democratic Theory Reforms achieved during the second stage Abolition of slavery in the colonies prohibition of imprisonment for debt establishment of the metric system of weights and measures Repeal of primogeniture right of first born to inherit the entire estates attempt to abolish Christianity and substitute the worship of reason Constitution of 1793 Very radical Most democratic constitution in history Called for universal manhood suffrage all men can vote Right to referendum right to raise issues to the government Made education and welfare the job of the government It was never put into effect Third Stage Characteristics Very stagnant not a lot going on people were getting tired of fighting Declaration of Pillnitz The leaders of Austria and Prussia tell France to put a monarch back in power Trying to stop the idea of a revolution from spreading The French say no and then they decided to go to war beginning of Nationalism Napoleon Bonaparte Ends the Revolution Coup d etat a military take over from within in power after the French Revolution Principal gainers of the French Revolution The Bourgeoisie they start it and they re in power when it ends Ferment of Ideas 2 Romanticism Emphasis on thinking with your heart instead of your head Sorrows of Young Worther Uncle Tom s Cabin Realism Looking at things and seeing them exactly as they are Seeing them in a scientific way Uncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe Exposed the reality of slavery in the US Naturalism An extreme form of realism Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie about an actress who goes and sleeps her way to the top but is never punished for her sin Example of Naturalism Frank Norris The Octopus About the wheat farmers in California being taken advantage of by the railroad companies Example of Naturalism Upton Sinclair ID The Jungle about the meat packing industry in Chicago reveals the unhealthy working conditions and condition of the food that is a product of the factories leads to the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act Example of Naturalism Stephen Crane Maggie A Girl of the Streets about a girl who becomes a prostitute because her brother is sick and her father looses his job she is punished for her sins and her hard work never gets her anywhere Example of Naturalism Muckrakers Journalists who thrived on exposing scandal Modernism About pure creativity representing how you feel about something Nationalism Like minded people who want to control their own destiny Grimm Brothers Liberalism Value liberty equality and individualism opposite of conservatism Reason is more important than faith idea behind the French Revolution Conservatism Value order before liberty The state is more important than the individual faith Edmund Burke Reflection on the Revolution in France Conservatism he is against the French authority and tradition Revolution Socialism Less extreme form of communism 3 Robert Owens Socialist Tried to start a Utopian society in New Harmony Indiana Believed that competition is the root of all evil and causes all human suffering Anarchism A lack of government William Godwin Father of anarchism believed that all monarchies are unavoidably corrupt No individual should hold power over another Believed in total freedom Pierre Joseph Proudhon Anarchist What is Property About the corruption of the banking system Believed property is theft He thinks government is the root of all evil Communism Based on the ideas of Karl Marx Believed that there is a class struggle and a conflict between workers and management Communist Manifesto Written by Karl Marx with Friedrich Engels Workers of the World Unite You have nothing to lose but your chains quote from Karl Marx Darwinism On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection Environment affects change All complex organisms develop from simple forms Ideas only applied to animals Social Darwinism Survival of the fittest Developed by Herbert Spencer Taking Darwin s ideas and applying them to society Uses this as a justification for a dominant class Industrial Revolution Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts Made slavery profitable again Mostly made muskets with the interchangeable parts John Fitch first workable