BSCI330 Fall 2012 Exam I Name KEY Part I Multiple Choice 2 pts each below Circle all that apply a Orthologous b Paralogous c Homologous d None of the above 1 Which of the following describes the relationship between genes A1 and B2 in the image 2 Which of the following is NOT a possible property of a eukaroytic cell Circle all that apply a Is Lithotrophic b Is Phototrophic c d Large percentage of genome is noncoding Is 2 m in diameter 3 Which of the following is true regarding enzyme inhibitors a Reversible inhibitors are rare in nature but common in industry b Competitive inhibitors reduce both the KM and the Vmax c d Every enzyme inhibitor is an allosteric regulator Irreversible inhibitors work by binding covalently to the enzyme active site 4 Which of the following could allow a nonspontaneous reaction to take place in a cell Circle all that apply Increasing the concentration of the reactants a b Having a product of the reaction involved in a sequential reaction that is spontaneous c Increasing the concentration of the products d Coupling the reaction to the formation of ATP Last Name 1 BSCI330 Fall 2012 Exam I 5 Which of the following accurately describes the linkage between the two sugars in the disaccharide below 6 Which of the following molecules is a necessary input for both sugar and fatty acid a 4 1 b 1 4 c 1 6 d 4 1 oxidation Circle all that apply a NADP b FAD c Acetyl CoA d CO2 e NAD f FADH2 g Pyruvate h ATP answer also accepted 7 During an immune response the average interaction strength between antibodies which are proteins and their ligands called antigens tends to increase over time Knowing this which of the following statements would be true a The average KD for antibody antigen interactions early in a response is 10 10 M while the average KD late in a response is 10 6 M b The average KD for antibody antigen interactions early in a response is 10 6 M while c the average KD late in a response is 10 10 M It is impossible to predict how the KD would change since it is dependent on the concentrations of antibody and antigen during the immune response Last Name 2 BSCI330 Fall 2012 Exam I 8 Which of the following statements about enzymes is false a Enzymes stabilize the transition states of a chemical reactions b An enzyme must be returned to its original state at the end of each reaction c Enzymes catalyze the forward and reverse reactions equally d Enzymes can change unfavorable reactions into favorable reactions by lowering the G 9 The energetic trajectory of a series of reactions in a catabolic pathway A B B C C D etc can be plotted on a graph like that in the image below The graph shows a hypothetical pathway similar to glycolysis in which the catabolic intermediates are designated A B C etc The energetic contributions of activated carrier molecules have been omitted from this energy plot Which reaction in the graph is most likely to be catalyzed by an enzyme that simultaneously uses ADP as a substrate and produces ATP 10 What type of chemical reaction caused the conversion of the reactant on the left into the a A B b B C c C D d D E e E F f F G product shown on the right Last Name 3 BSCI330 Fall 2012 Exam I a Condensation reaction b Oxidation Reduction reaction in which the reactant is reduced c Oxidation Reduction reaction in which the reactant is oxidized d None of the above 11 Given your answer to question 10 above what energy carrier molecule should go in the empty box in the diagram above a Acetyl coA b Carboxylated biotin c ADP d NADH 12 Which of the following characteristics would be most likely to allow a protein to serve as a molecular integrator a A tertiary structure that has mostly hydrophobic amino acids in the core and hydrophilic amino acids on the surface b Multiple phosphorylation sites c The ability to couple ATP hydrolysis with an otherwise unfavorable reaction d Fluorescence in the visible light range e Contains a heme prosthetic group 13 Which statement about fluorescence microscopy is true It is not constrained by the same resolution limits as standard light microscopy a b It may allow you to measure the cellular concentration of a specific ion c d All of the above statements are true It requires cells to be fixed and stained with an electron dense substance 14 Which statement about electron microscopy is false a Electron microscopy can image cells with higher resolution than light microscopy b Gold linked antibodies can be used to localize specific proteins within a cell c Electron microscopy generally requires cells to be fixed and stained with an electron dense substance d Transmission electron is used to image the surface of cells while scanning electron microscopy is used to image the internal structure of cells 15 Which of the following would be a use for the technique of flow cytometry a Determining whether the ras and src proteins are found in close proximity in the cell b Imaging individual actin filaments c Measuring the cell surface levels of the insulin receptor d Reconstructing a 3 D image of a mitochondrion e Flow cytometry could be used for all of the above f Flow cytometry could not be used for any of the above Last Name 4 BSCI330 Fall 2012 Exam I Part II Short Answer Questions 1 Prokaryotes are considered the most biochemically diverse organisms on the planet What are the 3 major categories of prokaryotes in terms of how they obtain energy from food Be sure to briefly define each category 3pts 1point for each category Lithotrophs obtain their energy by converting inorganic material into organic material Organotrophs obtain their energy by feeding on living things or organic material Phototrophs obtain energy by converting sunlight into organic material 2 Briefly explain how it is that a gene family can arise within the genome of an organism starting with a single primordial gene 3pts Gene families can arise within a genome from a single primordial gene that has undergone repeated rounds of duplication and divergence accumulation of changes in the nucleotide sequence 3 Consider reaction 1 below that will join the two monomers A and B whose chemical structures are shown 1 A B H2O a In the space to the right of the arrow in the image above draw what you think the product of this linkage would be Include the other product that you think would also form from this reaction 3pts see drawing to the right of arrow b What type of reaction is this and what type of chemical bond has been formed to join these monomers 3 pts 1 5 pts
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