AMH2020 B001 July 2nd Chapter 30 WWI World War I Schlieffen Plan Miscalculation Planned by General Alfred Von Schlieffen o Chief of the German General Staff o Would end the war in 40 days First step rapid movement of German forces through neutral Belgium to the north and west of Paris in a sweeping arch that could encircle and crush the French Second step Turn back to the eastern front in time to deal with the Russian armies which would just be completing mobilization Belgium rejected Germany July 31 demand for free passage o Belgium put up valiant fight showing German progress o Begun August 3rd Russia s rapid mobilization into East Prussia by August 17th General von Moltke detached 2 corps from his right wing and sent them east Moltke turned his right flank south still east of Paris and opened the door for French counterattack against German left flank o First Battle of the Marne Miracle of the Marne o Germans turned back Race to the Sea Trench Warfare Followed failure of the Schlieffen Plan in the West Both armies moved north to the English Channel Line of trenches 400 miles long German trenches deeper drier more elaborate British least carefully worked out Course of War 1915 War of Attrition Germans controlled Belgium and industrialized northern France bt Second Battle of Ypres April 22 May 24 Germans began major offensive on the eastern front French allied plan to bleed the enemy to death Verdun 1916 February 21 December 16 Half a million perished for no strategic advantahe Three Prong Allied Attack British Somme bloodiest battle Russians Poland and Galicia Allies no gain by end Italians Austria United States January 17 1917 Zimmerman Note o If Mexico help in the war then Germany would help get territories back from United States January 31 1917 Unlimited U boat activity resumed April 6 1917 Congress declared war o President Wilson declared war through 14 Points o This would be a war to end all war o A war to save all world for democracy o Get rid of all colonialism free colonies from government o All colonies governed by governed o World needed one big organization to settle any international problem League of Nations o Joined on side on the side of the allies Eastern front German Revitalized Russian Revolutions led to Russian armistice on German terms March last German offensive Allies finally pushed the Germans back to the Siegfield Line Kaiser abdicated November 9 1918 o Germans sued for peace o Fighting stopped 11 11 1918 Treaty of Versailles Controversy U S Treaty of Versailles Controversy Wilson to Paris Peace negotiations o First president to go overseas o Usually sent diplomats to take their messages Snubbed Senate o He took 0 Republicans of final treaty Wilson persuaded Allies to make League of Nations Covenant part o Wanted to give colonies freedom and not to punish Germany Agreed to French defense pact Senate responded to protests Wilson refused to compromise and began speaking your across Opponents followed him across the country speaking in the same America cities a few days after Wilson collapsed Lodge attached 14 formal reservations to the treaty o Did 14 to go along with 14 Points Wilson ordered Democrats not to vote for treaty with reservations o Many Democrats wanted to vote for it but Wilson didn t want them to Treaty defeated on November 19 1919 on his insistence On public outcry vote called again but no Wilson s insistence the Democrats defeated it again March 19 1920
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