12.4 : Solution Equilibrium and Factors Affecting Solubility SOLUBILITY OF SOLIDS IN WATER: Saturated Solution: dissolved solute and undissolved solute are in dynamic equilibrium. If any additional solute is added, it will not dissolve. Unsaturated Solution: contains less solute than the equilibrium amount of solute. If any additional solute is added, it will dissolve (until it becomes saturated). Supersaturated Solution: contains more solute than the equilibrium amount. Not all solutions can be made supersaturated. These solutions are unstable and live for only a short time until it precipitates. *Solubility of solids in water increases with increasing temperatures. SOLUBILITY OF GASES IN WATER: affected by two experimental factorsTemperature: solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperatures. *If temperature rises, gas molecules have enough energy to escape and evaporate from the solution, leaving less gas molecules in the solution.Pressure: solubility of gases in water increases with increasing pressure (the pressure exerted by gas onto the water). HENRY’S LAW: describes the dependence of solubility of gases in water, on pressure. Sgas = kH Pgas Sgas = solubility of a gas (in M)kH= Henry’s law constant, depends on the specific solute, solvent, and temperature. Pgas= partial pressure of the gas (in
View Full Document
Unlocking...