CHM1046 LECTURE NOTES12.4: Solution Equilibrium and factors affecting solubilitySolubility of solids in water:-Saturated solution: dissolved solute and undissolved solute are in dynamic equilibrium-if additional solute is added, it will not dissolve:- Unsaturated solution: contains less solute than the equilibrium amount of solute- if additional amount of solute is added, it will dissolveSupersaturated Solution: (unstable, lives for short time until it precipitates)- Contains more solute than the equilibrium quantity-not all solutions can be made supersaturatedSolubility of solids in water increases with increasing temperatureSolubility of gases *affected by two factors1. Temperature -solubility of gases in water decrease with an increase in temperature (if the temperature rises, gas molecules have an increase in energy, and escape and evaporate the solution which results in less gas)2. Pressure-solubility of gases in water increases with increasing pressure (exerted by gas on the water) (As pressure increases, volume increases, so gas spreads out and wants to escape)(atm pressure=vapor pressure of liquid)Henry’s Law: describes the dependence of solubility of gases in water, of pressureSgas = KHPgas (where Sgas is the solubility of a gas (in Molarity) and KH is Henry’s law constant and Pgas is the partial pressure of gas
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