12 4 Solution Equilibrium and Factors Affecting Solubility SOLUBILITY OF SOLIDS IN WATER Saturated Solution dissolved solute and undissolved solute are in dynamic equilibrium If any additional solute is added it will not dissolve Unsaturated Solution contains less solute than the equilibrium amount of solute If any additional solute is added it will dissolve until it becomes saturated Supersaturated Solution contains more solute than the equilibrium amount Not all solutions can be made supersaturated These solutions are unstable and live for only a short time until it precipitates Solubility of solids in water increases with increasing temperatures SOLUBILITY OF GASES IN WATER affected by two experimental factors Temperature solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperatures If temperature rises gas molecules have enough energy to escape and evaporate from the solution leaving less gas molecules in the solution Pressure solubility of gases in water increases with increasing pressure the pressure exerted by gas onto the water HENRY S LAW describes the dependence of solubility of gases in water on pressure Sgas kH Pgas Sgas solubility of a gas in M kH Henry s law constant depends on the specific solute solvent and temperature Pgas partial pressure of the gas in atm
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