ATHLETIC TRAINING IFINAL EXAM REVIEWSUMMER 201450 Multiple Choice. 25 T/F1. Most stress fractures of the femur bone occur in the neck of the femur.- Stress fractures of femur occur in the neck of the femur2. Know treatment for tennis elbow. - RICE: rest ice compression elevation support. Anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS). Increase the raquet grip width, work on flexibility of the forearm.3. Know about frozen shoulder, AC sprains, and wrist sprains.- Frozen shoulder occurs from not having enough movement after an injury or surgery. The Soft tissue forms a contracture, which limites the range of motion. We mostly see it in our older population. - AC sprains-generally caused by a fall on the elbow, driving the humerus upwards or by a direct blow to the AC joint.- Wrist sprains-caused by a fall on an outstretched hand. It will effect the ulnar or the radial colagament of the wrist. Very commonly misdiagnose these.4. Know the functions of the MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL ligaments and tests for them.- This is of the knee.- Medial Colateral Ligament (MCL)-prevents lateral stress and external rotationof the knee.- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)-prevents hyperextension and rotation of the knee. Use the Lachman’s Test or the Drawer Test for the ACL.- Lateral Colateral Ligament (LCL)-prevents medial stress to the knee. - Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)-prevents hyperflexion of the knee. Test for PCL is the Godfreys Test (aka Posterior Sag Test) . They’re the same test.5. Know what the Q-angle is and how to measure for leg length discrepancy.- Q-angle is the angle going from up the leg and measuring out to the hip. It's the angle of the knee going from the anterior superior iliac spine and up the midline of the knee. - An angle greater than 15 degress in women is detrimental. - An angle greater than 10 degrees in men is detrimental.- Meaure for leg lenth discrepancy-you measure from umbilicus (which is the belly-button) to the medial malleolus of the ankle (bump on the inside of the ankle)6. Know what functional tests are. - These are looking at actual skills that we would do during an activity. So it could be jumping up and down, running figure of eights, back-pedaling, anytype of thing we could do in a sport. Example- if it’s upper extremity, could bea short toss or a long toss for baseball.7. Know about the deep infrapatella bursa. - This is the most commonly inflammed bursa in the knee. It’s just under the patella tendon.8. Know about chondromalacia patella and osteochrondritis dessicans, myositis ossificans. - Chondromalacia patella-it’s the roughening under the kneecap or rougheningunder the patella.- Osteochrondritis dessicans-we call it “Joint Mice”, this is where we have floating cartilidge pieces in the joint.- Myositis ossificans-this is when the bone tissue develops within the muscle9. Know about hip pointers. - Hip pointers-it's a bruise to the iliac crest of the pelvis10. Know how to manage a hamstring strain. - Do RICE’s (rest ice compression elevation), light stretching, no ballistic stretching (no bounding or explosive stretching)11. What is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. - This is the growth plate in the hip. In adolescents when they’re going throgh their growth spurts, they get the slippage in the joint in the hip and when we’re looking at it, it hurts both when they try to move it actively and if I try to move it passively, they have pain as well.12. Know the SITS muscles of the rotator cuff. - SITS is an acroynm that stands for: Supraspinatous, Infraspinatous, Teres minor and Teres major, and Subscapularis (these are the rotator cuff muscles). - We use the Drop Arm Test and Empty Can test to test for the Supraspinatous. 13. How can you identify a hip sprain? - Pain in the hip joint. It's the inability to circumduct the hip. Cant move it in little circles (circumduction=rotation in small circles)14. Know what the subacromial bursa does. - Major function-is to cushion the shoulder joint (made of the glenohumeral joint aka the humeral joint). It's the most commenly injured bursa in the shoulder.- Extra Info- Bursae are fluid filled sacs that roll over themselves and serve to lubricate the points of possible friction between the muscles and theIjoint capsule- Extra Info- The subacromial bursa can commonly become inflamed and cause pain (bursitis). It is a common site for injections of cortisone to helpdecrease the pain in the shoulder. acts as a cushioning device, preventing the rotator cuff tendons from running harshly over the bones.15. Know the characteristics of a shoulder dislocation and a clavicle fracture. - Shoulder Disloaction-caused by forced abduction and external rotation. Headof the humerous tends to come out anterioraly. (~95% of shoulder dislocations are anterior-extra info) o Extra info- Anterior dislocations are usually caused by a direct blow to or fall on an outstretched arm. The patient typically appears holding their arm externally rotated and slightly abducted. o Extra Info- Signs and Symptoms of Anterior dislocation - flattened deltoid, prominent humeral head in axilla; arm carried in slight abduction and external rotation; moderate pain and disabilityo Extra Info- subluxation implies the presence of an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ- Clavicle Fractures- occur primarily in the middle third of the clavicle. o To support the clavicle, usually the person presents supporting their arm at the elbow and with their head tilted towards injured side and their chin turned away.o Extra Info- caused by a fall on outstretched arm, fall on tip of shoulder or direct impact Occur primarily in middle third (greenstick fracture often occurs in young athletes) Greenstick fracture- occurs when a bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces. This type of broken bone most commonly occurs in children because their bones are softer and more flexible than are the bones of adults. Clavicle may appear lower Palpation reveals pain, swelling, deformity and point tenderness16. Know about sprains to Sternoclavicular Joint - Sternoclavicular joint (SC Joint)- They tend to sprain or dislocate anteriorly (more common)- the clavicle is pushed forward and upward, in front of the sternum. - If they dislocate posteriorly-it's a medical emergency (may be life-threatening), due to compression of the airway of subclavian vessels by the posteriorly displaced clavicle. Posterior dislocations can be