COM 123 Lecture NotesJanuary 16th, 2013 Rhetoric is the art, practice, and study of human communication.Rhetorical situation is any situation in which a person’s understanding maybe changed by a messageFour Types of Rhetorical Situations:1. Occasion: Type- Types of Occasions: Ceremonial (present), deliberative (future), forensic (past) 2. Audience: Who are they? How do they act?- Identification, common ground, captive, voluntary3. Speech:- Exigence: the problem that the speech addresses4. Speaker: - Logos: words logic- Pathos: emotional- Ethos: credibilityRhetorical Situations – Introduced by Cicero1. Invention: generating ideas2. Arrangement: dispose them in logical order, by importance and opportunity3. Style: ornate the speech with devices of the rhetoric style, retain them in memory4. Delivery: expose the speech with art of grace, dignity, gesture, modulation of voice and face5. Memory: what devices you use to get your audience to remember what you are talking aboutModes of Presentation1. Memorized2. Manuscript3. Extemporaneous: well rehearsed, limited notesTypes of Outlines:1. Preparation: full sentences2. Presentation: notecards, bulletsJanuary 23rd, 2013“Organizing the Speech”Benefits of organizing:1. Audience reacts positively2. Increases identification by:- Improving comprehension- Decreasing uncertainty- Improving retentionTarget:Topic: the general subject of the speechGeneral purpose: the overall goalSpecific purpose: outcome you want from the audience Body of Speech:Where we justify and clarify our thesis statementMain points:- Sub points- Facts/SupportOrganizing Patters:1. Chronological: passage of time- Ex. Demonstration speech, ceremonies2. Spatial: spatial relationships – geography (near to far)- Ex. Informative3. Compare/Contrast: similarities or differences- Ex. Informative4. Categorical: categories and topics5. Problem – cause – solution: 3 topics - 3 types: cause for problem, effects, solution to fix- Ex. Persuasion speech1. Define problem2. Causes: Who? What? Why?3. Solution: Your solution and ones that haven’t worked4. Course of action for audience at the