COMM 1200 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDEChapters: 4, 9-10, 12-14, 16-19General Tips for Studying Use the questions in this guide as a prompt to your studying and outlining of the chapters, but do not assume that they are exhaustive. Material that is emphasized by your instructor may be used as multiple choice questions or short answer questions, even if it is not directly covered in your textbook or by this study guide.  It is a good idea to outline chapters as you read, leaving room for questions, comments and notes alongside the outline, which you can add in lecture or while reviewing. If there is a list in a chapter, memorize it, and know which chapter it comes from. Make flashcards (or whatever technique works for you) for all vocabularyterms. Be able to apply the knowledge from your readings and class lectures to the activity of public speaking (that is, don’t just memorize, but be able to think critically).Chapter 4: Listening Skills Why is listening important in public speaking for both the speaker and the audience?- As a speaker listening can impact on the quality of your presentation and your ability to connect with the audience- As an audience member listening is important because it affects your ability to absorb the info the speaker is imparting to you- It’s important for both to help you interpret and use more of what you hear from others in all situations What are the differences between hearing and listening?- Listening means your comprehending; hearing is simply knowing that the speaker is talking Can you name and explain the two steps of effective listening?1. Processing – actively thinking about what you’ve heard and observed2. Retaining – remembering what you’ve heard  What are the six causes of ineffective listening?1. Unprocessed note taking2. Non-listening3. Interruptive listening4. Agenda-driven listening5. Argumentative listening6. Nervous listening What are the three steps to becoming a better listener?1. Filter our distractions2. Focus on speaker3. Show that you are listening What are the ways you can maximize your audience’s listening?1. Anticipate ineffective listening before you speak2. Consider audiences attention and energy levels3. Asses your audiences knowledge and abilities4. Front and back load your main points What are the five guidelines for listening when you are in the audience?1. Take notes2. Identify main points3. Consider speech’s objectives4. Support your feedback with examples5. Be ethical Can you define, explain, and give examples of the terms on Speak Up’s page 119?1. Unprocessed note taking2. Nonlistening3. Interruptive listening4. Agenda-driven listening5. Argumentative listening6. Nervous listening7. Interactive listening8. Internal noise9. Audience surveillance10. Defeated listening11. Superficial listening12. Speech critique13. Constructive criticismChapter 9: Organizing Your Speech What are the steps in selecting your main points?- Body is structured around main points- Main Points – the ideas most important for your listeners to remember- Supporting points – prove or substantiate your main points- Every point must relate to your presentation purpose- Consider audience, which ideas will most interest them  What are the principles for organizing your supporting materials?-  What are the eight organizational patterns? When is it most appropriate to use each specific pattern?- Spatial pattern – each point can be seen geographically or physically-Temporal pattern – each point is in a chronological sequence- Causal pattern – points reveal a cause-and-effect relationship- Comparison pattern – points discuss major similarities and differences between two items- Problem-cause-solution pattern – points persuade your audience to take action or support a specific policy by arguing that a problem exists, identifying the causes, and proposing a solution- Criteria-application pattern – pattern proposes standards and then applies those standards to your topic- Narrative pattern – each point is a story event that uses characters and a plot to convey your message- Categorical pattern – each point represents an important aspect of your topic What are the types of organizing words and sentences? When is it appropriate to use each?- Transitions – in between main points, sentences that link one point in speech- Signposts – words or phrases in sentences that help audiences understand a speech’s structure - Internal previews – present a short list of ideas that follow- Internal summaries – review what you just said about the main points Can you define, explain, and give examples of the terms on Speak Up’s pages 293?1. Body2. Main Point3. Supporting point4. Subordination5. Subpoint6. Sub-subpoint7. Coordination8. Spatial pattern9. Temporal pattern10. Casual pattern11. Comparison 12. Problem-cause-solution13. Pattern14. Criteria-application pattern15. Narrative pattern16. Categorical pattern17. Transition18. Signpost19. Internal preview20. Internal summaryChapter 10: Introductions and Conclusions What are the five purposes of a good introduction? 1. Gains audiences attention2. Signals the topic and purpose of your speech3. Conveys the importance of the topic of your audience4. Establishes your credibility 5. Previews the main points of your speech How do speakers accomplish each of these purposes?1. Attention getter, Tell a story, offer striking statement, build suspense, let listeners know you’re one of them, use humor, ask rhetorical question, Provide a quotation, Show audience what’s in for them What is the purpose of a good conclusion?- Helps some up the message you developed in body of your speech andto leave a memorable impression in your audience members mind What are the parts included in a good conclusion (in order)?1. Transition2. Summarize your main points3. Finish with a memorable clincher4. Tie clincher to intro5. End with striking sentence, emotional message, story Can you define, explain, and provide examples of the terms on Speak Up’s page 319?1. Attention-getter2. Rhetorical question3. Preview4. Summary5. ClincherChapter 12: Language and Style Why is language and word choice important? - Reflects you as a speaker- It can inform, inspire, uplift others What are the differences between oral and written language?D - Oral language is more adaptive, less formal, incorporates retention What are the differences