COMM 1200 Mid-Term Exam Study GuideChapters 1-3, 5-8, 11 & 15General Tips for Studying Use the questions in this guide as a prompt to your studying and outlining of the chapters, but do not assume that they are exhaustive. Material that is emphasized by your instructor may be used as multiple choice questions or short answer questions, even if it is not directly covered in your textbook or by this study guide.  It is a good idea to outline chapters as you read, leaving room for questions, comments and notes alongside the outline, which you can add in lecture or while reviewing. If there is a list in a chapter, memorize it, and know which chapter it comes from. Make flashcards (or whatever technique works for you) for all vocabularyterms. Be able to apply the knowledge from your readings and class lectures to the activity of public speaking (that is, don’t just memorize, but be able to think critically).Chapter 1: Introducing Public Speaking What are the four characteristics of public speaking?o Public speaking features communication between a speaker and an audienceo Public speaking is audience centeredo Public speaking emphasizes the spoken wordo Public speaking is usually a prepared presentation What is the historical tradition of public speaking?o The tradition of public speaking has always been used to for public address to inform, influence, and persuade others. What are the main components of the transactional model of communication? How is this model different than the linear model?o Encode/decode, symbols, message, channel, leader, follower, and noise. o In the linear model, a speaker injects his or her ideas into theaudience and in the transaction model, the speaker seeks to create a shared meaning to make agreements with the listening audience. How does critical thinking influence public speaking?o It makes the speaker focus more on the analysis and evaluation of ideas based on reliability, truth, and accuracy.  How does ethics influence public speaking?o Ethics refers to a set of beliefs shared by a group about what behaviors are correct or incorrect. Telling the truth, helping your audience make a well-informed decision about your topic, avoiding manipulative reasoning, and incorporation research materials help establish credibility. How does diversity influence public speaking?o It is unlikely for audiences to have the same thoughts on material you are speaking about, their worldview may be different therefore the speaker must be sensitive to a diverse culture. Can you define, explain, and provide examples of the terms on Speak Up’s page 31?o Source, message, encode, verbal symbol, nonverbal symbol, channel, receiver, decode, noise, transition, feedback, sharedmeaning, culture, worldview, critical thinking, freedom of expression, ethics.3Chapter 2: Developing Your First Speech What are Cicero’s five classical canons of rhetoric?o Invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. What are the thirteen steps for preparing and delivering your first speech?o Select your topic, determine your rhetorical purpose, create a thesis statement, determine main points, generate supporting materials, organize and outline the body of your speech, outline your introduction and conclusion, incorporate transitions, consider your word choice, consider presentation aids, practice your speech,and deliver your speech.  How do speakers manage speech anxiety?o Select a topic you know and enjoy, start preparing early, take care of yourself, visualize success, use relaxation techniques, and volunteer to speak first. Can you define, explain, and provide examples of the terms on Speak Up’s page 65?o Classical cannons of rhetoric, invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery, audience analysis, topic, rhetorical purpose, thesis statement, main points, supporting materials, brainstorming,research, bibliographical information, outline, body, subpoints, subordination, introduction, conclusion, transition, word choice, presentation aid, extemporaneous delivery, speech anxiety, visualization, and relaxation strategies. Chapter 3: Speech Ethics What are the two major approaches to ethics? How can cultural issues impact our approach to ethics?o Ethical absolutism and situation ethics. Cultural issues: Cultures may view things differently than what the speaker is used to.  What is the difference between ethical and legal speech?o In ethical speaking, you are doing more than what is legally required, you are doing what is morally correct for your situation instead of just following the law. What is the primary responsibility of an ethical speaker?o The most basic ethical guideline is to tell the truth. What are the forms of untruthful speech?o Lying, the use of half-truths, and false inference.  What is plagiarism? How can you be sure to avoid it?o Plagiarism is when the speaker is presenting another person’s words or ideas as if they were their own. o To avoid plagiarism, the speaker can quote directly from a source with proper citation, paraphrase the work of others with proper citation as well, or use common knowledge.  What four fallacies that misuse logic are listed in the chapter?o Hasty generalization, post hoc fallacy, personal attacks, and bandwagoning.  What are the qualities of an ethical listener?o Show courtesy, demonstrate an open mind, and hold the speaker accountable.o Can you define, explain, and give examples of the terms on Speak Up’s page 93?o Ethics, ethical absolutism, situational ethics, culturally relative, ethical speech, legally protected speech, half-truth, false inference, taking evidence out of context, omission, plagiarism, paraphrasing, common knowledge, fallacious reasoning, hasty generalization, post hoc fallacy, personal attacks, bandwagoning, ethical audience. Chapter 5: Audience Analysis What are the four situational characteristics of a speech situation?o Size, time, location, mobility. How do demographics influence the way audiences might response to a message?o Every audience is unique; by identifying characteristics that many of your listeners share, you can then gain insight into how they might respond to your message. You can incorporate these insights to develop your speech and frame your message for the audience.  Aside from demographics, what are the other ways to analyze your audience?o Seeking common ground, identify prior exposure, identify audience