The Run up to the Revolution 1739 1776 09 26 2013 Growth and Consumer Revolution Repeat slide shows growth around the world prosperity and population around the world Grows faster in the Colonies War of Jenkins Ear 1739 1742 Conflict over trade in the Spanish West Indies Spanish crack down on British smugglers Captain Robert Jenkins and the Rebecca seized o Keeps his ear in a pickle jar for seven years o Creates much larger conflict American Expedition to Cartagena in 1741 o Only 600 of 3500 man regiment survives o Colonies were a minor part in the larger dispute of trade King George s War The War of the Austrian Succession 1740 1748 Britain and Austria against France and Spain 4000 New Englanders assault French fort of Louisbourg on northern tip of Nova Scotia Major trade port into Canada o Treaty returns Louisbourg to French o Perfect example of how colonies are not a big role in wars Fragile peace competing claims for the Ohio River Valley French and Indian War Seven Years War 1754 1763 in America Dispute with French over Ohio River Valley Virginia expedition under George Washington 1754 Braddock s defeat 1755 o Attempt to capture Fort Dequesne British defeats in America and Europe Consequences of War William Pitt turns to colonist for aid Colonists seize forts on Acadia drive out French Canadians Cajuns British capture Quebec in 1759 and Montreal in 1760 o 1763 Treaty of Paris French leave North America Consequences of Seven Years War British imperial triumph Colonial goodwill 123 million debt 10 000 British troops in North America Proclamation line of 1763 Britain s expanding role in American Colonies Parliament and George III The Sugar Act 1764 o Designed to raise 100 000 Provisions of the Sugar Act o Taxed molasses at 3 pence per gallon o Smugglers tried in vice admiralty court in Halifax Nova Scotia Impact of the Sugar Act o Worsened economic conditions in New England The Stamp Act 1765 Taxes in Britain and colonies o 26 schillings person in Britain o to 1 schillings person in America Virtual representation Extent of protests Stamp distributors the weak link Revenue Act of 1767 aka Townshend Duties Relative calm after repel of Stamp Act Charles Townshend Purpose of the Revenue Act o Imposed duties on glass paint lead paper etc The Boston Massacre British troops in Boston o 1700 soldiers land in Oct 1768 Fight at Gray s ropewalk British soldiers kill five men outside custom house in March 5th 1770 Repel of Townshend duties The Tea Act 1773 East Indian Tea Company Boston Tea Party December 1773 The Coercive Acts o Boston Port Bill o Mass Government Act o Administration of Justice Act o Quartering Act Quebec Act The Revolution Begins First Continental Congress Sept 1774 o Suffolk Resolves Common Sense by Thomas Paine o Published in January 1776 Sold 100 000 copies in 3 months Rise of American Egalitarianism Decline of deference Rise of Republicanism o Based on disinterested virtue Declaring Independence Battle of Breed s Hill and Bunker Hill June 17th 1775 Benjamin Franklin s reluctance Rhode Island declares Independence May 1776 Declaration of Independence The War Building American Unity America s First Civil War Loyalists aka Tories Who were the Loyalists 20 of white population in 1776 Recent British immigrants e g former soldiers from Seven Years War 125 000 English Scots and Irish immigrants 1763 1775 Loyalists strongest in NY NJ GA and backcountry of NC and SC Slaves Indians o 11 million Brittons v 2 5 million colonists 1 3 of whom were The Opposing Sides British Advantages slaves and loyalists o World s largest navy Problems loyalists Colonial Advantages o Expansion of army from 48 000 to 111 000 strained national resources Had to hire 30 000 Hessians and enlist 21 000 o More effectively mobilized people 220 000 troops by the end of war of free males age 16 45 The Course of the Battle British leave Boston for NY May Aug 1776 Washington retreats to Pennsylvania Washington crosses the Delaware River The Turning Point Marquis de Lafayette and French support Joins Washington s Army Staff Big deal that French is willing to support American efforts Radical move on France s part British offensive in upstate NY Defeat of General John Burgoyne and Colonel Barry St Leger Try to launch a two prong attack to divide the American sides in two Frances Recognizes U S February 1778 declares war on Britain France Catholic monarchy loser of 7 years war Spain 1779 and Dutch Republic 1780 declare war on Britain The War in the South and West Frontier campaigns War in the South 1780 1781 Easily capture Charleston some troops head back up to the North British Problems in the South o Cherokee attacks on frontier settlers o Issue of liberating slaves o Destruction of Countryside Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown October 19th 1781 Run out of supplies and suffered a lot of casualties couldn t get replacements quick enough Surrounded by various troops Fighting is all over by 1781 but troops don t leave NY till 1783 The Outcome Treaty of Paris gives U S lands east of the Mississippi 5 of free males 16 45 died in war Only Civil War had a higher ratio of casualties The Revolution wasn t just about these things it was about cultural shift What should government be based on 09 26 2013 09 26 2013