Rise of Photography William Henry Fox Talbot The Footman The first photograph on paper of a human figure 1840 Impression an emotion feeling looks past the literal picture left brain vs right brain left is linear organized lists right is more artistic creative Mid 1800 s invention of photography Engraving method of transferring pictures film onto newspapers engraver would engrave image onto piece of wood pictures weren t really pictures Frank Leslie s Illustrated newspaper Harper s Half tone presses used instead of engraving use metal and acid to etch images Civil War was a huge opportunity for photographs to be used in news this marked when journalists began using cameras to capture news First war covered by photography beginning to end Matthew Brady great photographer whos pictures are a truthful medium of history Civil War pictures Old photography needed light and little to no motion in picture Images are an effective tool of news because they elicit emotion more than a simple newspaper article could have in prior times 1900 s images start to be used for documentation purposes Life Magazines 1930 s photo magazine published once a week week in photos first photographer Margaret Bourke White had the first cover photo published in Life of New Deal dam project in Montana 1936 Rise of Magazines Magazines are typically associated with depth in reporting Magazine is a periodicial that contains articles of LASTING interest Briton Hadden had met Henry Luce in boarding school competed with him for editorship of Yale newspaper later joined army together Hadden was the brains behind magazine came up w what ppl wanted to read Luce was business brains administrative side LUCE is most closely associated with the rise of magazines Newspapers vs magazines magazines are more specialized niche specific audience typically published less frequently magazines utilize entertainment function over info desires over needs magazines cover broader geographic area penetration of people in area or community who get newspaper 1741 Bradford Franklin few issues 1821 Saturday Evening Post FIRST SUCCESSFUL MAGAZINE 1825 100 magazines exist conditions that favored magazines rise of national distribution system postal service cheap postage rise of national consumer market spurring national advertising needs rise of photograph and higher quality printing technology Golden Age first half of 20th cenury magazines are first national information and advertising medium dominated national market before radio Luce recognizes potential of marketing to rapidly expanding middle class educated well to do suburban leisure interests Henry Luce RISE OF MAGAZINES publisher of Time magazine in beginning Time Magazine 1923 Fortune 1930 Life 1936 Sports Illustrated 1954 People 1974 Lincoln Steffens sociological examination called a muckraker by Teddy Roosevelt Shame of Minneapolis collection Shame of the Cities Ida Tarbell scientific and systematic expose on Standard Oil Company Postal Act of 1879 Legislation allowed magazines to be mailed nationally at low cost Magazines in present day information is posted more online tablet pc s ex iPad display multimedia wich is a magazine y thing Rise of Radio Radio didn t have to be able to read to get news with radio first real opportunity to encounter sounds of world in own home happens between WWI and WWII also adds emotional appeal listening enhances Marconi RADIO grew up curious about the way things worked inventor born in Italy but becomes English citizen developed system to transmit sounds patented device created Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company in 1898 at 23 y o continues to work on transmitting sounds next step wireless telegraphy telegraph like system w o wires point to point communication can be listed to by anyone w receiver mass communication versus previously singular communication saved people on Titanic thanks to telegraphy WWI 1912 brought commercial radio to an end put emphasis on how military could use technology in wars people who owned radio patents made lots of private developers developed owned and reaped the benefits which made things happen faster if developers get to keep they ll work harder RCA Radio Coroporation of America Sarnoff radio television pioneer worked with Marconi receives the distress signals from the Titanic reads names of survivors on radio broadcast eventually becomes head of NBC Radio Act of 1912 congress had stayed out of newspapers magazines involved in regulation of medium because radio transmits over frequencies Congress needed to therefore regulate who got what frequencies in order to avoid interference did not regulate content yet airwaves belong to public so you need public approval to start radio broadcasts there are a finite number of frequencies people must prove they will do what s best for fellow people gives priority to distress calls ex Titanic Sarnoff first commercial radio was in Pittsburgh PA KDKA 1920 broadcasted the Presidential election live won by William G Harding who was first and ONLY journalist pres had someone go to newspaper get vote totals run it back was then broadcasted by 1923 there are 600 radio stations first into music mostly in studio then entertainment programming entertainment dominated news very little news broadcast via radio didn t catch on quickly in news Radio Act of 1927 must act in public interest convenience necessity regulates slightly more than the first act make proposal about how you will go about this began to be regulated more than print was 1996 Telecommunications Act reduced deregulated government influence on radio w rise of cable TV and internet the number of media sites will increase to such an extent that ogv t won t have to regulate them at all people will have so many choices early on in radio the government provided incentive and investment by allowing private owners to keep their profits but then by the 1920 s radio had to find on its own ideas charge listeners customers advertisements government patron sponsorships BUT decided on advertisements because it worked so well with newspapers print sources sponsorship model sponsor specific particular parts of content gives advertisers more of a say in broadcast than they have in print networks electronically sending stations programming connect radio stations to each other allowing for national links channels radio solved problem that internet hasn t ASCAP was formed in order to copyright and protect music made stations pay for rights
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