Ch 3 The Classical Era Aegean Civilization Minoans Civilization is during the Bronze Age 3 stages Early Middle Late civilization on Crete important for trade along Mediterranean Navy Have trading power trade w Egypt E Mediterranean pick up different languages cultures Capital Knossos Peace loving female positive culture based on artistic evidence Stages Early Crete pioneered trade networks Middle urban settlements and build first palaces Late recovering from disaster Mycenaean Civilization Greece s 1st civilization invention of mainland kingdoms located on peninsula Militaristic crave power central control elaborate bureaucracies After taking over part of Greece plan to take over Crete Won Trojan War leader of Greeks in Trojan War a Agamemnon b Troy represents Asia Minor Homer s epics Iliad Odyssey which are models of Greek aspects to society 1 The Iliad is Greek victory in Battle of Troy Achilles Greek hero doesn t survive the war b c his tendon and the female of the war is Helen Queen of Sparta Archaic period rise of Hellenic era Found of colonies Black Sea Asia Minor N Africa S Italy W Mediterranean important for foundation of Rome Tyrants are dependent on Hoplites Greek infantry soldier and merchants Greeks divide humanity among 2 groups barbarians unintelligible babblers Greeks who move out into the world are known as polis Polis city state creates environment that nurtures Hellenic civilization an experiment in social engineering to art religion education and govt authority to represent model citizen Helots grow crops fish they re slaves who Spartans are dependent on Spartans expand territories by making war w neighbors Men are essential to society women are prized mothers producing more Spartans Marry w in Sparta equal rights to men and women Polis does have constitution w oligarchy Militaristic best army of Greece Athens a small city state Ionian speaking community that came up around the Acropolis a rocky plateau that served as a fortress and rallying point Main producer of olive oil Solon emerges and takes Athens council Wants to expand constitution rid debt slavery this relieves Athens promote trade Introduces democratic reforms father of democracy Emergence of popular society who has the right to vote the people After Solon most political leader is Pericles Ionian Revolt 1st major battle of Marathon Athens v Persia Athens aids Ionians Sparta does not Athenians win and become more aggressive Cimon won battle of marathon Xerxes Battle of Thermopylae Salamis brings 250 000 men to battle Xerxes loses again Athens built large navy defeating Persia Athens has 31 polies pledge to stand against Persians Leonidas stand against Persian at Thermopylae Athens defeats Persians and Delian League forms As a result of a loss to Marathon Xerxes plans to make massive assault on Athens