HDFS 129 Sherry Corneal EXAM 3 NOTES 2 27 14 Identity Identity others o A persistent sameness within one s self and a sharing of one s essential character with Three most important characteristics in adolescent friendships o Intimacy o Mutual understanding o Loyalty Identity issues o Vocational issues political ideology spiritual ideology o Self in relation to others o Sexual identity ethic identity o Interests o Body image The process of identity formation involves o Crisis period of role experimentation and active exploration of possibilities alternatives o Commitment making a choice among alternatives Identity statuses o Identity achievement Commitment made and crises experienced Gone through many crises and explored possibilities and have made some commitments The individual has resolved his her identity crisis and made commitments to particular goals beliefs and values o Identity moratorium Most college students No commitment made and is experiencing crises The individual is actively raising questions and seeking answers Enduring commitments have not been made o Identity foreclosure No exploration o Identity diffusion Commitment made and no crises experiences The individual seems to know who she he is but has latched onto an identity prematurely without exploration No commitment made and no crises experienced The person has not yet thought about or resolved identity issues and has failed to chart directions in life Not sure who they are and not concerned often take on values of those around them o Most adolescents move from foreclosure or diffusion to either achieved or moratorium between mid teens and mid twenties o One can be in a different identity status for various identity domains Relationship between parenting style and identity status o Authoritative democratic parenting correlated with identity achievement Give children an appropriate voice while providing guidance o Authoritarian parenting correlated with identity foreclosure Strict their word is final the child has no voice Take on parents identity without any exploration of their own o Permissive parenting correlated with identity diffusion Achievement and moratorium statuses o Higher self esteem o Feel more in control o View education more favorably o More capable of sustaining intimate relationships Foreclosure status o Dogmatic rigid defensive o Fear rejection Diffusion status o Less capable of intimacy o Avoid making personal decisions o Poor academic performance o Poor time management o More likely to abuse drugs and alcohol 3 6 14 Romantic and Sexual Relationships in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood What is a Romantic Relationship Mutually acknowledged ongoing interaction Distinctive intensity limerence Affection current or anticipated sexual behavior When and why do we start dating First crush can happen as early as preschool But dating begins in adolescence o o 25 by age 12 50 by age 15 o 68 75 by age 18 Why don t we start dating in preschool o Do not yet understand the meaning of a romantic relationship o Puberty emergence of sexual feelings o Cognitive understanding of romance changes o Familial expectations o Societal expectations usually teen years What is a normal heterosexual development path for dating Relationship duration the older you are the longer the relationships o o o 5 months for those younger than 14 14 15 8 months 16 and older 21 months Typical timeline from first date to marriage 15 average age for first kiss and first date 17 average for first I love you first time having sex first serious relationship 26 first marriage First cohabitation around 23 years old o o o o Phases of romantic development o Initiation middle school little contact o Affiliation high school learn how to interact with opposite sex o Intimate couples form energy focused on couple o Committed adult relationship Development for Gay and Lesbian Adolescents First aware of difference at 8 years old First same sex attraction at 10 First self labeling at 14 Coming out to friends parents at 14 15 sexual activity around 15 Same sex relationship around 19 Why is dating in adolescence important Development of sexuality Identity development Attachment Positive effects on development o Positive affect o Self esteem o Social competence Negative effects on development o Depression o Conflict and mood swings best predictor of depression is an adolescent break up What distinguishes a good from bad relationship Good kissing communication low aggression know when it s over Bad lack of affection self silencing aggression rejection sensitivity do not need to know specific numbers years but the overall idea of when things happen in life in what order What are other types of relationships Hookups booty calls one night stands friends with benefits sex with an ex Contemporary college students are more likely to have a casual partner than a regular sexual partner Majority of students have also been in a long term relationship and majority of sex in college occurs in romantic relationships Students think their peers hook up more than they are o 50 of college students hook up Why do we hook up Navigating hookup culture Relationship avoidance sex relationship simplicity to form an emotional connection practical benefits not spending as much time money evaluating potential partners alcohol Realistic expectations attitude behavior consistency alcohol use kissing use protection best way to have sex is to have a romantic partner The First Time People who have sex early feel worse about their first time Girls feel worse than boys Not liking the person was the top reason for feeling guilt in both boys and girls Girls cite physical pain boys cite not feeling satisfied as top physical complaints Is the first time important Satisfaction with first intercourse predicts satisfaction with later sex encounters Guilt with respect to first intercourse predicts lower sex satisfaction comfort later on Condom use during first time predicts you will use them more often later 3 18 14 Emerging Adulthood Age of Instability Jeffrey Arnett The age of instability Emerging adulthood a distinct period of development that differs from adolescence and young adulthood Takes place between 18 25 years of age and is characterized by independent role exploration and frequent change 1970 Typical 21 year old Caring for a child or planning a pregnancy Married or about to be married Done with education Settled into a job or role of full time mother Today Typical 21 year old