History 201 Midterm Study guide Professor Chiles Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham Lincoln announces on January 1st 1863 after the victory of Antietam that all slaves in the rebelling states are freed This was used to injury the confederacy threaten its property and hurt its moral Also the proclamation made the end of slavery a goal of the war Issuing this measure gained support of European liberals which were before in favor of supporting the south and it gave slaves the desire to go north as the troops conquered southern land Ten Percent Plan After the war was concluded Lincoln had devised a plan to have the southern states re enter the union The ten percent plan had 10 percent of the voters in the southern state swear loyalty to the Union The state also had to ratify the 13th amendment that abolished slavery Confederate states rejected Lincoln s Ten percent plan and Congress proposed a tougher substitute This was a scandal that occurred when Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed the Credit Mobilier construction company They hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroads and earned insanely high dividends Government officials were paid to stay quiet on the issue some officials were censured This is when a system squires all parts of a products manufacturing process to maximize profit An example would be Carnegie Steel because it took all parts of the business mining and refining to make a huge profit A way or rewarding jobs to those who supported leaders in political campaigns most of the time the people were unqualified for the job This is what made political bosses powerful in places like New York City Immigrants would vote for the leader that promised them the most jobs and best conditions After the 1866 Munn vs Illiniois case it decided that states have very limited rights with interstate commerce Only the Federal government had authority here and in response Farmers politically organized and Congress created this the first real business regulatory body It was an attempt by the government to stop monopoly businesses Credit Mobilier Vertical Integration Patronage Interstate Commerce Commission Neurasthenia Was a condition that was particular to Americans it meant nervous exhaustion It happened when a person constantly over worked themselves The cure was withdrawal from the pressures of urban life rest and a simpler healthy lifestyle Farmers Alliance Ida Wells Yellow Journalism Robert La Follette Pinchot Ballinger Affair National Consumers Legacy Zimmerman Telegram Was a support for the nation s farmers during the 1880s it was politically active in the midwest and south and was central to the founding of the populist party An African American journalist that published statistics about lynchings urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores A practice of journalism that exploits distorts or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers It was popularized by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary election Ballinger was charged with having once connived to turn over valuable public coal lands in Alaska to a private syndicate for personal profit Pinchot gained evidence of this and took it to president Roosevelt and he decided that it was groundless Pinchot then leaked this information to the press and asked congress to investigate this scandal Pinchot was fired for going behind the presidents back Formed in the 1890s under the leadership of Florence Kelley attempted to mobilize the power of women as consumers to force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers Britain intercepted a telegram that was being sent by Germany to Mexico which urged Mexico to go to war with the US Germany promised Mexico that it would regain Texas New Mexico and Arizona Germany wanted Mexico to keep the US occupied so they wouldn t be included in the ongoing war in Europe that the US was about to join National Origins Act This was an act that restricted immigration from any one nation to two percent of the number of people in the US of that national origin in 1890 Severely restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and excluded Asians entirely Sherman s March from Atlanta to South Carolina he and his army applied a March to the Sea total warfare scorched earth policy that led over a million dollars in damage and crushed the south Colfax Massacre Clash between a group that wanted to reestablish white government and African Americans that resulted in the death of 100 blacks It led to the case US vs Cruikshank Dawes Act Standard Oil Trust Skyscrapers It was passed by congress in 1887 to reform the US treatment of American Indians it divided reservations into homestead plots for families or individuals The act was well intentioned but the Indians are nomadic people so the act was ultimately disastrous The act wanted the indians to become americanized which is not what they wanted John D Rockefeller organized Standard Oil in Cleveland in 1870 and through competition and organization he was able to establish the Standard Oil Trust This trust controlled 90 percent of all oil refining in the US by 1879 This is an example of horizontal integration tall steel framed buildings which were a big part of the US s new urban environment Innovations like the elevator made this possible The first one was erected in Chicago and then spread to New York soon after Panic of 1873 Over enterprising beyond what the market could bar bankers made too many imprudent loans to fund these enterprises When profits didn t occur loans went unpaid and caused the bust Homestead Act 1862 the government offered farm plots of 160 acres to those willing to live on the land for five years dig a well and build a road Sub treasury System 1840 it was approved it was a way to have government funds placed in Washington and in sub treasuries This way no private banks would have the governments money or name to use as a basis of speculation George Washington Carver Taught at Tuskegee Institute and discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut and other agricultural items that helped the southern economy He wanted to teach practical farm practices to other African Americans Emilio Aguinaldo Led American troops and captured Manila collaborating with Filipino
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