1 Discuss why it is important to measure or judge traits Discuss the four research methods used to connect traits and behavior Discuss how personality develops and stays the same over the life span 2 Four Methods Single trait approach Many trait approach Essential trait approach Typological approach 3 What do people with a certain personality trait do 4 Conscientiousness Score high on Integrity tests 5 Conscientiousness Predicts success in college 6 Self monitoring the degree to which inner and outer selves and behaviors are the same or different across situations 7 Narcissism Charming make good first impression Why do they act like this 8 Who does important behaviors Examine correlations between one behavior and many traits California Q Set 9 Uncharacteristic Neutral 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Characteristic 8 9 1 0 Delay of gratification Necessary for achieving many important goals Sex similarities and differences Ego control Ego resiliency Research did 2 versions of paradigm with 4yr olds 1 1 Personality during childhood can predict drug abuse depression and political orientation ten years later 1 3 Which traits are the most important Which traits really matter Factor analytic approaches to reducing the many to a few 1 4 Discovery of the Big Five 1 5 Implications of the Big Five Not orthogonal Higher order factors with facets Labels are oversimplified 1 6 Conscientiousness already discussed Extraversion social outgoing active outspoken dominant adventurous 1 8 Neuroticism emotional instability negative emotionality 1 9 Neuroticism Negatively correlated with happiness well being and physical health 2 0 Agreeableness conformity friendly compliance likeability warmth 2 1 Openness to experience intellect Most controversial trait 2 2 Openness to experience intellect Viewed by others as creative open minded and clever 2 3 Universality of the Big Five When translated to other languages four or five of the factors appear When starting with other languages Scores vary by geographic region 2 4 Beyond the Big Five criticisms 2 6 Based on doubt about whether it is valid to Important differences between people may be qualitative Challenges 2 7 Three replicable types Well adjusted maladjusted overcontrolling maladjusted undercontrolling 2 8 Traits develop with combination of genetic factors and early experience 2 9 Stability increases with age Also evidence of mean level change over time 3 0