Add all answers in blue Exam covers Chapters 9 11 13 15 Pennsylvania System 1787 Solitary confinement fosters penitence and encourages reformation Auburn System Inmates worked in groups during the day and were kept in solitary confinement at night Focused on reformation Penitentiary System Created by the Quakers in Pennsylvania who believed that prisoners could be reformed if kept in isolation and complete silence Also called the Philadelphia Pennsylvania or Solitary system Silent Congregate Systems of prison The Auburn system is an example of this Know which parts or branches of government operate the courts prisons and jails Courts Judicial Branch Prisons State and federal government Jails Cities or counties Local government Know what your text has to say concerning probation parole know the fundamental differences between the two you should have some idea of who John Augustus is as well as Alexander Machonachie and Sir Walter Crofton When reviewing your readings and discussions concerning parole You should focus on such things as Parole Boards Groups of people authorized by law to grant permission for offenders to serve the rest of their sentence in the community revocation definition and process See Below In criminal law revocation of probation in the criminal justice system occurs when one either completes their probationary term or violates the terms of probation and is incarcerated Intensive Supervision Parole Parole with strict limitations similar to Intensive Supervision Probation see below when does parole occur It occurs when a prisoner is released from prison after having served either a portion Is parole an extension of a sentence or a sentence An extension of a sentence Parole is in essence a conditional release from prison it allows a prisoner to finish their sentence outside of prison John Augustus 1841 he attended a boston police court and bailed out a common drunkard He returned to court 3 weeks later with the offender in tow now sober and changed This launched his 18 year career as a probation forerunner helped pass the first probation statute after his death Alexander Machonachie a penal reformer wrote about the critical state of the prisons disciplines His two basic principles of penology were that As cruelty debases both the victim and society punishment should not be vindictive but should aim at the reform of the convict to observe social constraints and A convict s imprisonment should consist of task not time sentences with release depending on the performance of a measurable amount of labour Sir Walter Crofton prisoners progressed through three stages of confinement before they were returned to civilian life The first portion of the sentence was served in isolation After that prisoners were assigned to group work projects Who has jurisdiction over parole the courts The prisons and or parole boards Who Parole Boards Parole Officers When reviewing your readings and discussions concerning probation You should focus on such things as revocation definition and process A parole revocation hearing is a hearing before a judge to address whether the defendant violated a condition of his parole If the judge is reasonably satisfied that the defendant violated his parole the judge may send him back to prison or reinstate him on parole with added conditions Same thing for probation revocation Intensive Supervision Probation ISP is a highly structured program similar to home arrest and the defendant must comply with strict terms of probation Persons who are sentenced to ISP are offenders who in the absence of intensive supervision would have been sentenced to imprisonment The program eases the burden of prison overcrowding When does probation occur Probation is granted by the presiding judge it occurs when imposition of sentence is suspended or stayed This is in lieu of a prison commitment Who is the person credited with inventing developing probation John Augustus Is probation an extension of a sentence or a sentence A Sentence What is it a derivative of Probation is given as an alternative to jail as oppose to Parole which is the Sentence derivative of a Prison Who has jurisdiction over probation Probation is ordered to follow certain conditions set forth by the court often under the supervision of a probation officer Have some idea of what conditions are typically imposed on a parolee by a parole board Conditions of parole often include things such as obeying drug and alcohol use avoiding the law refraining from contact with the parolee s victims obtaining employment and maintaining required contacts with a parole officer Regarding juveniles have a general knowledge of juvenile delinquents status offenders neglected children and dependent children Juvenile Delinquents Delinquent children have committed by an adult would be criminal acts that if committed for example auto theft robbery and assault Status Offenders Acts that are illegal only if they are as status known committed by juveniles are offenses Neglected Children One who is neglected as to proper or necessary support education as required by law Dependent Children A dependent child is either without a receiving proper care parent or guardian or is not because of the physical or mental disability of that person Have a general knowledge of the history of juvenile justice in America and its important developments e g the denial and then granting of due process In re Gault 1967 established due process for Juveniles 5th amendment In 1974 Congress passed the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act which included provisions for the deinstitutionalization of status offenders truants runaways etc Since then efforts have been made to divert such children out of the system to reduce the possibility of incarceration and to rewrite the laws with regard to status offenses Have a general idea of the range of upper age limits for juveniles The acronym PINS applies to juveniles What does it stand throughout the United States 16 18 Years old for Persons In Need of Supervision Know what is meant by diversion intake hearing waiver hint there are two kinds of waiver Diversion A diversion program in the criminal justice a police department system is a program run by court a district attorney s office or outside agency designed to enable alleged offenders of criminal law to a criminal record EX avoid criminal charges and Community Service Intake Hearing An intake hearing is the first step in filing juvenile You will
View Full Document
Unlocking...