Corrections Chapter 5 Notes Intermediate Sanctions New punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime Provides judges with more corrections options Thinking outside of the cell Value of Intermediate Sanctions Used for low risk offenders Rehabilitation and reintegration of the offender into the community Cost Where and When Intermediate Sanctions Occur Front end Programs Punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prison Back end Programs Sanctions that move offenders from higher levels of control to lower ones for the final phase of their sentence Trap door Side door Programs Emergency release options generally used to relieve prison overcrowding o AR 2006 Non violent offenders can be released to parole if the prison is at 98 capacity for 30 days Types of Intermediate Sanctions Intensive Supervision Probation ISP Control of offenders in the community under strict conditions by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer o Protect the community and deter the offender breaking the law o Thought to be more appropriate for high risk offenders Drug Courts A special court empowered to treat sanction and reward drug offenders with punishment more restrictive than regular probation but less severe than incarceration o The nation s first drug court was developed in Miami by Judge Herbert M Klein in 1989 o Three primary goals Reduce recidivism Reduce substance abuse among participants Rehabilitate participants Fines Financial penalties used as a criminal sanction o One of the oldest forms of punishment o Day fine a financial penalty scaled both to the defendant s ability to pay and the seriousness of the crime Used heavily in Northern and Western Europe Community Service A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax supported agencies o Began in 1966 in Alameda County California o Fine of time Day Reporting Centers DRC A community correctional center to which an offender frequently reports to file a daily schedule with a supervision officer showing how each hour will be spent First developed in Great Britain in 1972 o o Hampden County Springfield Massachusetts Sheriff s Department opened first DRC in U S in 1986 Remote Location Monitoring Technologies including GPS and EM that probation and parole officers use to monitor remotely the location of offenders o In 1997 Florida was first state to use GPS to monitor sex offenders Residential Community Centers A medium security correctional setting that resident offenders are permitted to leave regularly unaccompanied by staff for work for educational or vocational programs or for treatment in the community Formerly referred to as halfway houses o o Estimates place more than 1 000 RCCs involving 30 000 adult residents are in operation Boot Camps A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self discipline respect for authority responsibility and a sense of accomplishment First adult programs opened in Oklahoma and Georgia o o Target young first time offenders who have been convicted of nonviolent crimes o Use of correctional boot camps is on the decline o Only about 50 are still operational o Very high recidivism rates once graduated Average Annual Cost of Correctional Options Boot camp is the most 32 119 House arrest is the least 402 Community Corrections A philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces o Decentralization of authority from state to local levels o Redefinition of the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most appropriate o Emphasis on rehabilitation through community programs