Cold War USSR vs America 1945 1991 Woodrow Wilson s League of Nations was ratified United Nations came to be group of nations who agree to keep peace 1945 Germany split into 4 Berlin split up into 4 sections Western Berlin food supplies cut off Stalin wanted control of west Berlin and shut off food supply so they started starving America gave food to Berlin Berlin Airlift West and East Germany become different countries Stalin dies Khruschev builds Berlin wall between east and west Berlin Winston Churchill made refered to line as iron curtain that split communists countries in the east from the democratic countries to the west America contained communism keep it where it was Greece and Turkey soviet forces tried to make countries communist America helped Greece and Turkey Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan same as Truman Doctrine but helped many other countries gave countries financial aid to rebuild after WWII to contain communism and to become democratic NATO group of Western democratic countries who agree to fight for one another if they are attacked especially by communist force Warsaw Pact Communist countries made pact collective security Korean war North communist South democrat North tried to take over South Korea South asked Americans and America agreed North was winning then America had general Dougals McArthur who was smart and surrounded northern troops and about to win but then China sent troops in which pushed them back McArthur decided to fight China Truman disagreed Truman fired McArthur USSR asked for ceasefire splitting North and South Korea at 38th parallel End to Cold War Berlin wall comes down America had communist hysteria groups were made House of Un American Activities Committee who investigated people who they thought were communist Hollywood Ten actors who did not want to testify and put in jail Blacklisted did not get jobs because people thought they were communist Started finding people we thought were spies selling secrets Alger Hiss spy Ethel and Julius Rosenberg American citizens stole documents about hydrogen bomb and sent to USSR killed Joseph McCarthy house of representative had election coming up went on witch hunt went after people who he thought were communist tried to lock people up accused people in US army he looked like a bully on camera people started not believing him anymore Space Race at race to go into space put lots of money into math and science programs Russia won by launching Sputnik U 2 incident Eisenhower wanted open skies sent spy planes one last flight and got shot down captain put in jail Krushev After WWII GI Bill of Rights Servicemen s Readjustment Act gives money to veterans for school low interest housing after fighting war veterans went to school and moved out of city into suburbs had cars whites moved out of city and started lives in suburbs White Flight Women s role housekeeper maid cook Father s role went to work came home and had dinner Kids had to be perfect be like everyone else Many people had cars highways built advertisement became huge consumerism Credit cards started Time of rock and roll took black music and turned into white music Elvis the Beatles Time of Conformity When all the soldiers came home had money and more babies were born Baby Boom social security Beat Movement Beatniks people who told poetry and smoked and drinked rebelled against conformity