ID LIST GI Bill Economy and Consumption Role of Government 1944 During the WWII era Mexicans Native Americans and others benefitted from this This was tried again because help from the government for veterans after WWI was not good Access to homeownership high education unemployment assistance and health services for many veterans This led to many men and women veterans going to university Also led to great white collar work force African Americans still faced inequality p 984 From Exam 2 Guide Also known as the Servicemen s Readjustment Act 1944 expanded access to higher education enabled home ownership for a much wider segment of society and helped create a climate of success for returning veterans A law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans commonly referred to as G I s Benefits included low cost mortgages low interest loans to start a business or farm cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend college high school or vocational education as well as one year of unemployment compensation G I Bill a major political success in contrast to the treatment that WWI veterans received and a major contribution to America s stock of human capital that sped long term economic growth Potsdam Conference US World 1940s 1945 Meeting between US Britain and USSR after WWII to decide Germany s post war punishment and establish order in the new world p 971 972 This included Stalin Truman and Churchill Truman just coming to office challenged the Soviets saying how they broke their agreements with Poland by not giving their land back Truman couldn t go any further with this as the Japanese were still a problem and the US needed the Soviet s help therefore he agreed with their occupation of eastern Europe The debate about Poland symbolized the brewing ideological Cold War to come Highway Defense Act 1956 Largest public works project in US history by Eisenhower federal government supplying money for building highways p 1020 This facilitated the growth of suburbs and the complex of industries that sustained them Could tie in with White Flight Third World Developing World US World 1940s 1950s 1960s Social Movement 1960s Any country that wasn t aligned with NATO or USSR p 975 The assumed lack of sophistication cultural development and national cohesiveness in former colonies prejudiced critical Cold War decision making in the coming years often with disastrous results In the aftermath of WWII former colonies across the globe especially in Africa and Asia figured heavily in US foreign policy during the 1950s Most of these new nations were nonwhite preindustrial and poor festered with internal guerrilla insurgencies or outright civil war The Eisenhower Administration viewed the Developing World as vital to maintaining a world balance of power with the Soviets Since these nations have vast oil reserves it elevated the strategic importance of emerging markets for US policy makers p 1012 Containment US World 1940s 1950s 1960s Began before the end of WWII but mainly during the cold war era Process of stopping soviet expansion George F Kennan coded this idea Truman Doctrine 1947 was an action to this process because it gave aid to Turkey and Greece because they were threatened by communist insurrection Britain could no longer afford to aid them HUAC was a big aid on this p 976 Name given to the foundation of US foreign policy during the Cold War George F Kennan argued that Soviet Communism was impervious to the logic of reason inherently expansionist and only controllable through long term patient but firm and vigilant containment Became the foundation of US foreign policy for the next four decades Long telegram US World 1946 Sent by Kennan the US ambassador in USSR outlining his view of the postwar Soviet Union from Moscow to Washington 8 000 words said that they were impervious to the logic of reason and highly sensitive to the logic of force p 976 Established the idea of Containment Domino Theory US and World 1940s 1950s Around the time when Eisenhower got into office in 1954 and during the beginning of the Vietnam war Eisenhower claimed they did not want the surrounding countries of China to fall under Chinese communist control The US could not lose the countries of Southeast Asia Domino Theory provided rationale for American involvement in the Asian world Domino theory started because the US began helping the French in Vietnam as well as the French colonies of Cambodia and Laos In the 1950s during the Vietnam and Cold War this eventually became a vivid fear of communist expansion in which the last domino to fall would be the US itself p 1015 1093 The Iron Curtain US and World 1950s The imaginary line between the communist Eastern Europe and the non communist west Symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991 Marshall Plan US and World 1948 Sent economic aid to Europe after WWII to prevent Communism Massive aid packages to help Western Europe including Germany and Japan to rapidly rebuild their devastated economies restore industries and trade and rejoin the free world Fear of the appeal of Communism to these suffering countries drove the rebuilding efforts and justified the expense p 996 997 Also known as the European Recovery Plan of 1948 It crushed the hopes of Stalin to keep Germany and Japan weak and at the same time demonstrated the enormous economic might and global reach of the US Bay of Pigs US and World 1961 An American attempt to overthrow the newly established communist government in Cuba by training and sending Cuban rebels The coup ended up in a disaster due to the lack of support by the Americans The incident was an embarrassment for the U S and ultimately led to Castro pleading for Soviet aid Cuban Missile Crisis p 1060 Failed operation approved by President Kennedy to invade Cuba with a small CIA led military force of political Cuban exiles with hopes of liberating the country and removing Fidel Castro from power Space Race Role of Government 1940s US and World 1950s 1960s Cold war era during the late 1950 s Between the US and the Soviet Union US was embarrassed by first successful satellite launched into space by the soviets sputnik NASA was created by congress Soviets also first launched a man into space before the Americans did Kennedy wanted to land a man on the moon in 1969 a man landed on the moon This scientific
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