GESCHICHTE 150 Dienstag September 17 2013 NOTES Sources Primary first hand experience or object from time analyzed Autobiography journals original paintings accounts Secondary second hand experience of an object person or event being analyzed Biographies books scholarly articles written about subject Athenian Democracy Institutions of democracy direct democracy Assembly all males over 18 could participate core of the system war peace taxes legislation Jury Panels 201 601 members one day trials male citizens over 30 chosen by lot White or black ball either juried or not Council of 500 Magistrates 350 members repair roads police city Board of generals 10 members Pericles Pitfalls of Democracy Women slaves and foreigners could not participate Ostracism Pericles Plato Aristotle Sparingly used to prevent persons with ambitious goals from gaining political control that would disrupt the democratic system 10 years in exile 13 recorded uses throughout the history of Athenian democracy Supported democracy believed in the people s right to participate in the system Reform of 451 paid citizens for their work within government sphere maintained interest in the system Advocated against democracy Philosopher kings believed common man was incapable of sensible participation within democracy too many desires and petty needs The Republic Man by nature is superior one rules while the other is ruled GESCHICHTE 150 Dienstag September 17 2013 Architecture and Sculpture Classical realistic beautiful idyllic proportions idealistic God like emotion and movement Contrapposto Doryphoros spear carrier Archaic stoic less realistic stiff out of whack proportions Archaic smile flat line Parthenon religious temple dedicated to Athena inside statue of Athena holding Nike symbol of victory Acropolis center of the city high up Greek Philosophy Socrates striking up conversation and discussion asked questions and encouraged questions as well as answers Roman Empire Architecture and Engineering Bridges aqueducts roads 50 000 miles walls Hadrian s wall Medieval Religion Gothic architecture Consequences of the Crusades Trade between Europe and India More religious wars conflicts Heated aggression between different religions Reformation Christianity Selling indulgences tickets slip of paper purchased and guaranteed to give one the ability to ascend into Heaven Typically given to or purchased by common folk those who work women children older men etc Tezel sold indulgences Martin Luther disagreed with Tezel and indulgences wrote 95 theses against the church hoping for a debate did not expect reform of the church right away Church believed this was heresy Excommunication exile from an organization z B the church Frederick of Saxony kidnaps Martin Luther Philosophy everyone should read the bible and be self aware of the stories within the bible has the final authority to dictate religious truth issues Catholicism officials have say as well as the book faith alone gets you salvation no need to buy indulgences or do good works Printing press Johannes Gutenberg GESCHICHTE 150 Dienstag September 17 2013 Lutheranism caused more splits within Christian church Peace of Augsburg ended regional warfare as the ruler so the religion prince s religion dictates religion of the individual states Implications of the Reformation