Direct Realism idea that somehow the world comes to us just as is Representational Realism can t gloss over the problem of knowing the representation of the world Bertrand Russel 1812 1970 Appearance Sense Data v Reality Physical Matter The table looks different from different angles and directions So what is the real table behind all this matter the real table if there is one is not immediately known to us at all but must be an inference from what is immediately known The reality of the table in the sense that there is a table depends on a process of inference based on a knowable part of reality the part Russell calls sense data Sense data are not the same as our sensations Sense data are the things that are immediately known to us in sensation George Berkeley 1685 1753 If you are going to be an empiricist you must trust your senses Reality in the external world is nothing it does not exist This leaves us left with just the appearance to be is to be perceived without the mind to perceive it there is nothing there must be something or someone percieving the rest of the universe since we as humans can not perceive everything at once god Basically Berkeley is saying if we are not looking at something then it is not there but it does not disappear because God is always perceiving it for us Simplest explanation is most likely 1 Sometimes the simplest explanation is not true a Ex the sun is a campfire in the sky but it is actually one giant fusion reactor 2 Is the external world hypothesis the simplest David Hume 1711 1776 Association Theory of Ideas Sense Data a door Simple ideas color figure movement texture etc The mind then associates all these together into one complex idea Rectangular External mind independent Object Distinctive Existence Continued Existence Space Time 1 Sense cannot give idea of continued existence 2 Reason 3 Imagination Example 1 3 simple ideas but all are cats X Y and Z Reason picks out the separate percepts same as comparing ourselves to other objects Example 2 Do philosophers perceive doors or any object any better than children or animals No So reason is off the table there Example 3 Imagination shows me the door and when I look away my mind tells me it is still
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