HIS 201 Terms Settlement and The Colonies Constantinople Was the capitol city of Byzantine considered the new capitol of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great City was the largest wealthiest city in Europe Known for having massive defenses Prince Henry the Navigator commanded military force that captured the Muslim outpost of Ceuta located on the south side of the Strait of Gibraltar Goal was to defeat Muslims and spread Christianity Explore West Africa and off coast Founded his Institute at Sagres Patronage led to major technological advances Bartolome Diaz Became the first European mariner to round the southern tip of Africa opening the way for a sea route from Europe to Asia Major maritime victory for Portugal Dias breakthrough opened the door to increased trade with India and other Asian power Reconquest a period of expansion of the Christian states of the peninsula at the expense of the Muslim states In 1238 the Christian Reconquest forced Spanish Muslims south and the kingdom of Granada was established as the last refuge of the Moorish civilization Conquering as a nation terriorty settlement Granada A city of southern Spain southeast of C rdoba Founded by the Moors in the eighth century it became the center of an independent kingdom in 1238 The city was captured by Castilian troops in 1492 ending Moorish control in Spain Christopher Columbus Italian Spanish conquistador original idea because earth is round and you can travel east west but Americans stand in way Sailed a boat took couple months to find it Wanted open new trade route to India and 1492 Columbus sailed the west to get to the east and Spanish profited him and his journey God religious fervor convert natives Glory Adventure power national pride Gold expand trade profit Columbian Exchange the exchange of plants and animals between Europe and Americans Europe to America horses cattle wheat American to Europe potatoes coco corn tobacco Transformed economic activity Ponce de Leon discovered the island of Puerto Rico and was one of the first to venture to the North American mainland Hernando de Soto Claim to fame in modern times is The Fountain of Youth the mythical fountain said to bestow youth to all who drink from its miraculous waters Spanish explorer who sailed the Atlantic Ocean and was the first European to explore Florida and the southeastern US as far as Nebraska 1st European to come across the Mississippi River Cabeza de Vaca Spanish explorer who in 1527 joined an expedition to the New World and because of his reports that he believed the area north of Mexico might be rich in precious metals Francisco Coronado Coronado was sent north with a large force to locate and capture the legendary Seven Cities Bartolome de las Casas was a Dominican missionary in the Americas who was the first to expose the oppression of the Indian by the European and to call for the abolition of Indian slavery Called the Father of anti imperialism and anti racism Pueblo Revolt an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico Mercantilism A nation becoming strong by keeping strict control over its trade They did this by exporting more than importing John Hawkins involved in slave trade help build the fleet to defeat the Spanish Armada in 1532 Francis Drake Attacked Spanish ships and ports Honored by Queen Elizabeth with knighthood Walter Raleigh Given the right to claim land in North America by Queen Elizabeth Sent scouts to explore that found Roanoke Island Roanoke 1st ENGLISH attempt at a colony in the Americas failed in 1585 Established in 1587 Called the Lost Colony Sir Walter Raleigh financed it and its leader in the New World was John White All the settlers disappeared and historians still don t know what became of them Spanish Armada a huge fleet of Spanish warships that attempted to conquer England but were ultimately defeated Richard Hakluyt who published collected accounts of English exploratory voyages in Principal Navigations Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation Joint Stock Company two or more businesses working together to fund different investments Jamestown was established by one James I the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625 he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings Virginia Company joint stock company that bought the rights to establish plantations in current Virginia It began the Jamestown settlement 1607 Jamestown First permanent English settlement in North America founded in Massachusetts 1620 Year pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock London Company formed to develop trade in North America financed colonization of Virginia the settlement of jamestown John Smith leader of Jamestown worked out a settlement with Natives for food during the starving time Founder of Virginia John Rolfe married Pocahontas and started the planting of tobacco in Jamestown Tobacco the most important cash crop to Jamestown established a method for profit in English colonies Indentured Servants Laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America Headright a method of granting land in a colony based on the number of people a colonist brought with them House of Burgesses The first official legislative assembly in the Colonies Governor William Berkeley 1624 King takes over Virginia from the Virginia Company and places this man in charge of it as governor Bacon s Rebellion A young planter started a frontier of angry people to raid the Native Tribes regardless if they were nice to the settlers or not Sir William Berkeley Royal Governor of Virginia was controlling and restricted voting representation He made an agreement with natives to prohibit white settlement west of a line but Bacon a representative on the governor s council led a strike against natives who had killed settlers He burned Jamestown but died before he could take control Anglican main church in the chesapeake colonies Chesapeake C Colonies Virginia Maryland had more threatening diseases Maryland colony established for Catholics fleeing from England Lord Baltimore founded the Maryland colony What are four reasons why people came to North America Cheap Land Religious Freedom Voice in Government jobs Work Toleration Act of 1649 Granted religious freedom to all Christians who